废石膏用于道路回填材料的处理工艺及性能研究

讨论了化工废石膏在矿物掺合物、粉煤灰、激发剂、外加剂等存在时，在不同配比下的力学性能、凝结时间、溶蚀率、软化系数和体积稳定性，并分析了该材料水化、硬化规律，硬化体结构及与性能的关系，试验结果表明，化工废石膏掺加量的多少将直接影响到各项性能指标，采用复合早强减水剂，对于粉煤灰活性激发，及加速胶结材料凝结水化、降低用量，有显著效果。     

长白山北坡亚高山云冷杉林的植物种类组成及重要值

采用典型抽样方法，对长白山北坡不同海拔高度带云冷杉林的植物种类组成及重要值进行了初步研究。结果表明，长白山北坡不同海拔高度带云冷杉林的建群种均为臭松、鱼鳞云杉，主要伴生树种有红松、红皮云杉、长白赤松、长白落叶松及岳桦。根据主要伴生树种在各云冷杉林群落的重要值，长白山北坡的云冷杉林可分为三类，即分布于海拔1290m左右的红松云冷杉林，分布于海拔1500m附近的典型云冷杉林及分布于海拔1680m周围直到1820m的岳桦云冷杉林。组成长白山北坡各类云冷杉林的种子植物和蕨类植物共计109种，分属43科88属，其中乔木植物15种，灌木层植物21种，草本植物73种。在所有灌木层和草本层植物中，既有广泛分布于各海拔带云冷杉林中的种类，也有仅限于某一云冷杉林类型中的种类。草本植物的主要组成种类以北方泰加林的常见种为主。     

Botanical composition, soil and forage quality under different management regimes in Russian grasslands

Little is known on how management of Russian native grasslands affects botanical composition, soil and forage properties. Three fields were sampled in the V.V. Alekhin Central-Chernozem Biosphere State Reserve in the Kursk region of Russia: a native grassland (not cultivated for at least 300 years), a grazed/hay field with 4 years of annual harvest followed by 1 year of rest (periodically-cut grazed/hay field), and a yearly-cut grazed/hay field. Soil samples were collected from the top 10 cm and analyzed. Plant species were identified at the sampling sites and this plant material was used to determine total elemental analysis of forage, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and lignin concentrations. Above-ground live and dead plant material and roots were analyzed for C, N and lignin. Soil sample analysis showed that fields were comparable in terms of soil chemical and physical properties. SOC and N contents were not statistically different in the native and yearly grazed/hay fields. Soil bulk density significantly increased as a result of utilization, from 0.80±0.09 Mg m⁻³ for the native grassland to 0.97±0.06 Mg m⁻³ for the yearly grazed/hay field. A total of 107 different plant species were recorded at the three fields. There were changes in plant composition among the fields. The native grassland field had the least number of plant species (41) followed by the yearly-cut grazed/hay field (68), and the periodically-cut grazed/hay field (87). There was a greater proportion of grass species (20%) in the native grassland field. Dead plant biomass and roots from the grazed/hay fields were higher in N and lignin concentrations. Forage mineral concentration was highest in the periodically-cut hay field. No significant differences were observed in terms of forage properties.     

高温高压下C-O-H流体的研究

C O H流体是地球内部流体的主要组成部分 ,确定高温高压下它们的组成关系对于认识地球的演化、氧化还原环境以及促进包裹体的研究都具有重要的意义。高温高压实验确定了它们与石墨平衡存在一个间断温度 ,理论计算一般在此温度之上进行。当压力、温度确定时 ,再加上一个外部条件如fO2 或H/O比值 ,就可以得到它们的平衡组成。由于缺乏流体组分的高温高压热力学数据 ,目前的理论计算结果与实验值存在差别。电解质的出现和动力学因素影响着流体组分的平衡计算。加强系统研究 ,在实验中尽量采用就位分析的方法 ,获取更多更可靠的高温高压热力学数据 ,加强流体平衡影响因素的研究 ,是今后进一步的研究方向     

进一步保持和发扬我党的"真正优势"

本文在全面论述邓小平同志关于"共同的理想"和"铁的纪律"是我党"真正优势"光辉论断的基础上,指出目前我们在保持和发扬"真正优势"方面存在的不足,并认为中国共产党要顺利解决"两大历史性课题",必须进一步保持和发扬自己的"真正优势".     

滇西地区上地幔铅同位素组成的确定及其应用

滇西地区基性 超基性岩、碱性岩中的长石、石榴子石、橄榄石等单矿物及羊拉铜矿区二叠世海相玄武岩的铅同位素组成可以代表原始地幔的铅同位素组成 ,由此确定的该区上地幔铅同位素组成变化范围为　2 0 6Pb/2 0 4Pb =1 7.877～1 8.5 0 6,平均 1 8.1 0 8,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4Pb=1 5 .470～1 5 .5 87,平均 1 5 .479,2 0 8Pb/2 0 4Pb=3 7.797～ 3 8.5 67,平均 3 8.1 77。研究发现 ,由于受地壳物质的混染和成岩后U、Th衰变产生的放射成因铅的影响 ,这些幔源岩石全岩铅同位素组成已不能代表原始上地幔的铅同位素组成 ;金顶铅锌矿床的铅并非上地幔来源 ,而是相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告编写的几点体会

在建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告的编写及技术审核中,经常会出现验收报告中的水量统计等数据跟环评报告中的一样,污水处理设施各环节的监测数据缺乏逻辑性,数据的合理性经不起推敲等问题.验收监测报告,不能过度依赖环评数据,应根据现场核实的实际生产工艺制作水平衡图,由原辅材料用量、水量等数据的相关性获取真实数据,才能反映污染物的产生量等真实情况;应通过掌握设施的进、出水量,将设施各工序的实际处理效率与污水处理工艺的设计参数做比较,才能对设施的处理能力、处理效果作出准确的评价.才能保证验收监测报告的真实性、准确性.     

城市生活垃圾的工程特性

通过对江苏省泰州市生活垃圾的物理成分、物理特性的调查分析,得出泰州市生活垃圾不适于焚烧和堆肥处理,可以采用填埋方法的处理结论,为今后我国城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场的设计提供理论依据,并为废弃物减量化、无害化与资源化提供选择措施。     

The role of atmospheric aerosol composition in climate change

The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols has been investigated. Contributions ofsulfate and soot in aerosols to the atmospheric extinction are studied. Discussions are made on the problems of aerosol emitted from volcano, forest fires in northern China, 1987 and oil field fires in Kuwait, 1991. It is indicated that the changes in concentration, particle size, and chemical composition of aerosol after those events could have impacts on the climate change either regionally or globally and that the impact of aerosol particles on climate change could compensate for some temperature increase caused by greenhouse gases and the increase of surface intensity of ultraviolet radiation due to ozone layer depletion.     

难降解混合化工废水预处理试验研究

对某化工开发区混合化工废水进行预处理试验研究，分别对铁还原后加中和混凝沉淀以及直接中和混凝沉淀两种预处理方法进行了试验，重点讨论了铁还原工艺的各种影响因素。研究了曝气与不曝气，加炭与不加炭以及不同CODCr、不同pH值对铁还原处理效果的影响，并考察了铁的消耗与废水中铁离子的作用及变化情况。