H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响.实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%.     

混凝法处理含铜电镀废水的实验研究

以FeSO₄、PAC作为絮凝剂去除低浓度电镀废水中的Cu^{2+,考察了絮凝剂投加量、溶液pH值、搅拌速度和时间等影响因素,结果表明,在各自最佳条件下,PAC和FeSO₄对Cu2+的去除可达到99.37%和99.20％,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)中一级排放标准。最后通过对FeSO₄、PAC和NaOH 3种药剂的综合分析和比较,发现FeSO₄絮凝处理低浓度电镀废水中的铜比PAC絮凝、NaOH沉淀法操作简单,污泥产生量少、工业应用性强而且去除率高。}     

碱激发胶凝材料及其固化Pb2+的试验研究

对碱激胶凝材料（碱-偏高岭土、碱-矿渣和碱-粉煤灰）与水-水泥体系固化Pb²⁺进行了试验研究,其中水-水泥体系为对比样。结果表明：对于相同稠度的碱激发胶凝材料,即使Pb²⁺含量达到2.4%,除了碱-粉煤灰的抗压强度略低外,其他都达到30 MPa以上,满足填埋或做建筑基材的使用要求;与水泥相比,碱激发胶凝材料能显著降低重金属离子（Pb²⁺）浸出浓度,其规律性与其NH⁺₄交换容量大小的规律性一致,与其固化体的抗压强度的大小没有相关性。     

pH值控制MAP法脱氮进程的可行性研究

MAP沉淀法处理高NH₃-N废水,操作简便,处理效果好。本试验以NH₃-N浓度为1 000 mg/L的模拟废水为研究对象,研究结果表明,在Mg²⁺∶PO^3-₄∶NH⁺₄=1.2∶1.2∶1（摩尔比）、NaOH投加量为675 g/L的条件下NH₃-N去除率高达98%以上。试验选择出水pH作为控制反应进程的参数,并建立了出水pH与NH₃-N去除率之间的关系。通过调整NaOH投加量控制出水pH在7.5～8之间时,NH₃-N去除率最高,可达98%以上。X-衍射图谱及定量分析表明,沉淀物中MAP的纯度较高,具有一定的回收价值。     

TiO_2/NiFe_2O_4磁性纳米光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

先用水热法制备了纳米级NiFe2O4磁核,然后采用均匀沉淀法在NiFe2O4磁核表面包覆TiO2,制备了一种新型磁性纳米光催化剂TiO2/NiFe2O4。通过实验确定了制备TiO2/NiFe2O4的最佳Ti/Ni(摩尔比)为30/1,用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外—可见(UV—Vis)漫反射、热重—差示扫描量热分析(TG—DSC)、磁力学测试等手段对其进行了表征。以甲基橙的水溶液为模拟污染物,评价了TiO2/NiFe2O4的光催化性能,在光照2h后,甲基橙的脱色率可达98.5%。研究结果表明,TiO2/NiFe2O4是一种可重复使用的高效光催化剂。     

Ca2+在净水生物膜团聚体培养中的影响研究

通过在5组相同型号的SBBR反应器(A、B、C、D和E)内调节进水中的Ca2+含量,研究Ca2+在净水生物膜团聚体培养过程的作用影响.结果表明,进水Ca2+投加浓度为25 mg/L时驯化培养的生物膜团聚体具有较好的抗挤压能力,抗压强度达到了22 N/cm2,密度为1.059 g/cm3,活性微生物的百分含量达到了86.90%,远远高于一般污泥团聚体中的微生物含量.分析运行效果,反应器C和D的生物膜团聚体通过29 d的驯化培养就达到了一个比较好的净水效果,并能维持稳定状态,相比于一般生物膜反应器的驯化时间有所缩短.不同进水负荷条件下氮氮的去除率变化表明,反应器C和D针对不同进水负荷表现出来的适应效果明显优于其他反应器.     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO₂/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

Mechanisms and chemistry of dye adsorption on manganese oxides-modified diatomite

The investigations into structural changes which occur during adsorbent modification and the adsorption mechanisms are essential for an effective design of adsorption systems. Manganese oxides were impregnated onto diatomite to form the type known as δ-birnessite. Initial investigations established the effectiveness of manganese oxides-modified diatomite (MOMD) to remove basic and reactive dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of MOMD for methylene blue (MB), hydrolysed reactive black (RB) and hydrolysed reactive yellow (RY) was 320, 419, and 204 mg/g, respectively. Various analytical techniques were used to characterise the structure and the mechanisms of the dye adsorption process onto MOMD such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectrometry (A.A.). A small shift to higher values of the d-spacing of dye/MOMD was observed indicating that a small amount of the dye molecules were intercalated in the MOMD structure and other molecules were adsorbed on the external surface of MOMD. Two mechanisms of dye adsorption onto MOMD were proposed; intercalation of the dye in the octahedral layers and adsorption of the dye on the MOMD external surface. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the MOMD structure was changed upon insertion of MB and RY with an obvious decrease in the intensity of the second main peak of the MOMD X-ray pattern.     

Microwave synthesis,characterization, and bio-efficacy of novel halogenated Schiff bases

A new series of halogenated Schiff bases was synthesized by the condensation of 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy acetophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy acetophenone with different alkyl amines, namely propyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl amines, under microwave irradiation. Newly formed molecules were characterized by Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Further, the Schiff bases were screened for antifungal bioassay, and the results showed potential fungicidal activity against two very important plant infecting fungi, viz. Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the screened compounds, 2,4-dichloro-2-[1-(propylimino)ethyl]phenol was found to be the most active compound against both R. solani (ED₅₀ 8.02 mg L^?1) and S. rolfsii (ED₅₀ 21.51 mg L^?1) followed by 2,4-dichloro-2-[1-(pentylimino) ethyl]phenol (ED₅₀ 13.02 and 29.57 mg L^?1, respectively). The synthesized compounds were also screened for antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging technique. All the compounds showed very low to moderate activity as compared with Gallic acid.     

三峡水库上空甲烷浓度时空变化及与水库甲烷通量的关系

2010年,对三峡水库水-气界面上空05m处和岸边甲烷的浓度进行全年的观测,并采用静态浮箱-气相色谱法测定水库水-气界面上的甲烷通量,研究了三峡水库上空的甲烷浓度的背景值及其与甲烷排放强度之间的关系。结果表明：三峡水库上空甲烷浓度的年平均值为2216±0224 mL/m3,岸边甲烷浓度的年平均值为2211±0206 mL/m3,两者差异不显著;除夏季时云阳上空的甲烷浓度较高外（2850 mL/m3）,其余地点上空的甲烷浓度都接近年平均值;三峡水库上空的甲烷浓度存在明显的空间差异,上游地区（云阳）上空的甲烷浓度（231±033 mL/m3）显著高于下游地区（秭归：214±013 mL/m3,巫山：220±018 mL/m3）,坝后河流（三斗坪：221±016 mL/m3）上空的甲烷浓度高于坝前秭归处,但差异不显著。这一格局与水库中甲烷通量的空间变异基本相同,即从上游到下游（云阳、巫山、秭归）江面上甲烷通量依次为0454,0260和0115 mg/（m2·h）,呈下降趋势,坝后三斗坪处的甲烷通量（0280 mg/（m2·h））显著高于坝前秭归处通量,这表明：水库的水-气界面上的甲烷排放强度是影响水库上空甲烷浓度变化的主要因素