Polyaniline nanofibers: acute toxicity and teratogenic effect on Rhinella arenarum embryos

The fate and effect of nanomaterials in the environment is of paramount importance towards the technological application of the materials. This work shows the ecotoxicological potential of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers in the larvae Rhinella arenarum by means of AMPHITOX test. Acute toxicity of PANI nanofibers towards embryos of the common South American toad R. arenarum (Anura: bufonidae) was evaluated in the premetamorphosis (stage 25) larvae. The exposure of R. arenarum larvae to at dose of 150, 250 and 400 mg L⁻¹ resulted in 100% viability within 96 h exposure. The embryos at 2-4 blastomers stage (early life stage teratogenic test) revealed that embryos were not killed and no teratogenic effects were observed when embryos were incubated with PANI nanofibers (150 and 250 mg L⁻¹), while only a growth retardation of embryos was induced at levels of 250 mg PANI nanofibers L⁻¹. On the other hand, at 400 mg L⁻¹ concentration, a reduction in the body length of larvae and tail malformation was observed. This results suggest that a concentration-dependent toxicity is operative, typified by phenotypes that had abnormal body axes. The presence of PANI nanofibers in gut contents and its excretion by larval stages of R. arenarum was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy.     

Dehydrochlorination behavior of polyvinyl chloride and utilization of carbon residue: effect of plasticizer and inorganic filler

The dehydrochlorination behavior of plasticizer (DOP) and inorganic filler (CaCO₃) contained in PVC samples and the properties of the activated carbons produced from those carbon residues have been investigated. In the dehydrochlorination process, both additives contributed not only to a decrease in HCl yield but also to the prolonged evolution of HCl. Part of the Cl species were observed to be stabilized as CaCl₂ by reaction with calcium ions when CaCO₃ was added. More than 80% of chlorine removal was achieved in all samples at 533 K. The use of potassium as an activation agent led to the production of activated carbon with a specific surface area greater than 1000 m²/g at the low temperature of 1023 K and assisted also in the elimination of residual Cl species by the formation of KCl during activation. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

高分子固体废物基活性炭对有机染料的吸附解吸行为研究

分别以3种高分子固体废物,即轮胎橡胶、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为原料,利用KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭.通过吸附实验研究了活性炭对2种有机染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)的吸附、解吸行为,同时探讨了溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对吸附的影响.结果表明,PVC和PET基活性炭比表面积分别为2 666和2 831 m2.g-1,中孔容积分别为1.06和1.30 cm3.g-1,15 min内对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的去除率分别高达98.5%和97.0%、99.5%和95.0%,且Langmuir模型拟合的染料最大吸附量均超过2 mmol.g-1,显著高于商业活性炭F400.Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述2种染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主.溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对染料吸附均有较大影响.制备的高分子基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附强于甲基橙,2种染料均不容易发生解吸.实验结果可为高分子固体废物的资源化利用、制备经济高效的碳质吸附材料提供科学依据.     

二氯苯在盐水溶液中活度系数的研究

本文采用紫外分光光度法测定了２５．００±０．００１℃下间位和对位二氯苯在ＨＣＯＯＮａ,ＣＨ３ｃＯＯＮａ,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４,ＭｇＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＳＯ４水溶液中活度系数（ｆ）,它们的ｌｇｆ－Ｃ关系符合Ｓｅｔｓｃｈｎｏｗ盐效应公式。     

6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢的缝隙腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究6A01-T5铝合金和304不锈钢异种金属间的缝隙腐蚀行为规律。方法 采用常温常压浸泡腐蚀方法,结合SEM、EDS、XRD和白光干涉检测,对6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙结构在碱性Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果 6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙腐蚀表现为在缝口处产生沿缝口方向的凹陷渠,在缝内,以局部减薄和腐蚀坑为主,并随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀程度逐渐加重。不同区域腐蚀产物的形貌和成分组成不尽相同,缝外暴露区的腐蚀产物表现为晶体颗粒状,主要成分为Ca CO3和Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。缝口附近沿缝口方向形成一层有明显界线的腐蚀产物覆盖层,缝隙内部的腐蚀产物相对较少,表现为尺寸相对较小的结块,主要成分为Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。结论 在6A01-T5铝合金与304不锈钢非电连接情况下,6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙内2种金属分别独立发生缝隙腐蚀,因2种金属在腐蚀过程中争夺O2,使得304不锈钢对6A01-T5铝合金的缝隙腐蚀起到抑制作用。     

采用重选法处理蚀刻废液零排放资源化新工艺

阐述了广州市白云区南溪化工厂开发出的一套国内首创的对线路板蚀刻废液进行大规模集中资源化处理的零排放处理新工艺,这套新工艺采用重力分选的方法将在固相条件下生成的氧化铜分离出来,克服了原有工艺的缺陷,达到了理想的分离效果,使废液中所有的成分能够在较低的处理成本下全部分离回收,完全无三废排出,达到了清洁生产的要求。     

水质硫化物直接吸收显色法中前置气体分离管存在的缺点和替换方法

介绍了直接吸收显色法分析水质硫化物中,气体分离管在实际操作中存在的缺点和氢氧化钾溶液替换气体分离管的优点,并通过实验来论证替换的可行性。     

差压法和标准法测定BOD5的两点区别

通过使用BOD5差压式测定装置，提出了不同于标准法中稀释水浓度和接种液浓度的问题。实验证实，在配制葡萄糖一谷氨酸标准溶液中，使用10倍于标准浓度稀释水时，可得到同标准法更一致的结果；在接种液方面，进行标准溶液测定时，当培养瓶中活性污泥浓度MLSS＝200mg/L左右时，也可得到符合要求的BOD5值。     

酸碱溶液改性竹基活性炭生物降解H2S

对竹基活性炭采用酸、碱溶液浸渍的方法改性,并用化学和表面形态分析等表征方法测试了其改性前后的特性,研究了不同溶液对改性竹基活性炭在微生物挂膜和滴滤塔去除H2S方面的影响。研究结果表明,用10％NaOH溶液改性后的竹基活性炭较未改性的竹基活性炭碱性基团含量增加了0．614mmol／L,平衡含水率增加了6．08％,碘吸附值增加了29．6mL／g,这些物化性能的改变更有利于生物竹基活性炭去除H2S。对比5种改性方法对生物降解H2S性能的影响,在H2S人口浓度为150～4500mg／m^3、循环液喷淋量0．2L／h、pH6．5—7．5、气体停留时间66s的条件下,经NaOH溶液改性后的竹基活性炭,对H2S的去除率达93．4％以上,效果好于其他改性方法的竹基活性炭。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS法综合评判的保护层开采选择

为优选首采层作为保护层开采,选取5个一级指标和19个二级指标,建立以AHP(层次分析法)和TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序法)为基础的煤层突出危险性评价模型,通过层次分析法确定各指标的权重,结合逼近理想解排序法分析贴近度并预测出煤层突出危险可能性,并进行现场工业性实验.结果表明:AHP-TOPSIS综合评判法预测优选8号煤...