Urban earthquake hazard: perceived seismic risk and preparedness in Dhaka City,Bangladesh

Bangladesh is vulnerable to seismic events. Experts suspect that if an earthquake with a 7.0 magnitude occurred in large cities of Bangladesh, there would be a major human tragedy due to the structural failure of many buildings. The primary objectives of this paper are to examine seismic risk perception among residents of Dhaka City and investigate their levels of earthquake preparedness. A questionnaire survey conducted among 444 residents of the city provided the major source of data for the paper. The survey results suggest that an overwhelming majority of the respondents were not prepared for a major earthquake, which is anticipated to occur in Dhaka. Multivariate analysis of survey data reveals that value of residential unit and respondent educational levels appear as the most significant determinants of preparedness status of the respondents. This study recommends increasing earthquake awareness and preparedness among residents of Dhaka City.     

土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响--以武汉市为例

分析了1996～2001年武汉市快速城市化区域土地利用/土地覆盖变化,并计算由此导致的生态系统服务价值变化。应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式,采用谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表进行计算,结果发现：①在研究期内,研究区耕地、草地、水域和未利用地在减少,其中耕地减少最多,达12.32×103 hm2,林地、湿地和建设用地在增加,建设用地增加最多,为11.70×103 hm2;②ESV由1996年的457.74×107元减少到2001年的456.14×107元,5年减少1.61×107元;③生态系统单项服务功能价值中的气体调节、气候调节、原材料和娱乐文化在增加,气候调节增幅最大,达8.51%,水源涵养、土壤形成和保护、废物处理、生物多样性保护和食物生产在减少,食物生产减幅最大,达7.42%;④敏感性分析表明,ESV对生态价值系数(Value Coefficient, VC)缺乏弹性,研究结果可信。     

智能型城市防洪除涝决策支持系统总体设计研究

智能型城市防洪除涝决策支持系统是城市防洪除涝减灾的一种综合性非工程 措施。本文根据作者的经验总结和研究工作,着重阐述了其总体设计的思路、原 则、特点、及结构设计,并对专家系统、GIS技术、遥感遥测技术等高新科技在 城市防洪除涝减灾辅助决策中的作用,作了专门论述。     

Potential health hazard of drinking water in restaurants and tea stalls

Potable and equitable drinking water (DW) is a fundamental human right and essential for human health. This study is conducted to assess the groundwater and jar water quality of the roadside restaurants and tea stalls used for drinking by the local people around the Gazipur City area in Bangladesh. Water samples from 173 restaurants and tea stalls are collected. The physico-chemical and biological parameters are analyzed according to the guidelines and standards. The results illustrate that the color, EC, and Mn of 41%, 80%, and 62% of the samples, respectively, exceed the WHO and Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) standards. In addition, E. coli and total coliform exceeding the threshold standards are found in 47% and 64% of the water samples, respectively. The contamination of DW by fecal coliforms is confirmed and supported by prior studies, which indicates that the DW supplied in restaurants and tea stalls are unsafe because of the possible presence of pathogens. These may cause potential health hazards to consumers from various water-borne diseases. Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices, and improper disposal of wastewater are responsible for the microbial contamination of DW. So, the authorities in charge of these places should take the right regulatory steps, such as regular sanitation inspections, DW quality monitoring, hand-washing practices, and better sanitation in these places.     

长春市城区重金属大气干湿沉降特征

为弄清长春市城区重金属大气干湿沉降特征,于2006年5月26日—2007年6月12日采用被动采样技术分采暖期和非采暖期共收集大气干湿沉降样品24件,采用全谱直读电感藕合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光度法(AFS),分析了其w(As),w(Hg),w(Cd),w(Cu),w(Pb),w(Zn)和w(Cr). 结果表明:长春市大气干湿沉降样品中w(As),w(Cd),w(Cr),w(Cu),w(Hg),w(Pb)和w(Zn)分别为38.9,2.24,92.3,76.2,0.27,115.2和462 mg/kg,均明显高于表层土壤,且w(Cu),w(Hg),w(Pb)和w(Zn)在采暖期均显著低于非采暖期;经估算,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb和Zn大气年干湿沉降量的平均值分别为4.79,0.25,10.67,8.22,0.030,12.31和48.15 mg/(m2·a),明显高于北美和欧洲,且As,Cd和Cr在采暖期的日均干湿沉降量高于非采暖期;根据目前的重金属大气干湿沉降速率估算,重金属大气干湿沉降有可能造成长春市表层土壤中重金属不同程度的累积,其中Zn的累积最为明显.      

天水小陇山红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd)林土壤真菌多样性及其与生态因子的相关性

采用GPS系统采集了天水小陇山红豆杉林9块样地的土样,用稀释平板法对该区域真菌进行分离计数,进一步鉴定到属,并分析了真菌数量和类群与土壤养分、水分和pH等生态因子的相关性.结果表明,该区域土壤真菌数量和类群组成存在较大的空间变异,土壤真菌优势菌群的构成有相似性,青霉属、毛霉属为所有样地的优势菌群.真菌多样性分析表明,小陇山红豆杉物种多样性较丰富,不同样地多样性指数差异明显.土壤真菌总数、类群和多样性与土壤生态因子间的相关性分析表明,真菌总数与土壤pH呈显著负相关(R-0.796),与水分和有机质呈显著正相关;Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤有机质呈显著正相关;各属与土壤生态因子呈现不同的相关性.      

扬州城市绿地景观格局分析

对2002年扬州市城区绿地斑块分布及其景观结构特征进行了研究,结果表明:小斑块(≤1 hm2)在研究区分布广,数量最多,占绿地斑块总数的59.86%;其次是面积在1~5 hm2的斑块,占总量的33.4%,大于10 hm2的斑块仅占4.2%。面积在1~5 hm2的斑块和大于10 hm2的绿地斑块,分别占绿地总面积的37.6%和39.6%。绿地率在20%~30%的绿地斑块最丰富,占总数的41.7%,占绿地总面积的24.8%;绿地率大于60%的斑块占总面积的32.8%;绿地率≤20%的绿地以小斑块为主,占总面积的8.51%。对绿地景观指数分析表明:城市绿地多样性指数高,总体分布均衡。从老城区到新城区,绿地景观特征表现为总面积增加,平均绿地斑块面积增大,景观破碎度降低,城市绿化的理念不断提升。加强广陵区内绿地斑块的改造,提高斑块间的连接度,增加维扬区和邗江区绿化廊道和绿地斑块的营造,应成为今后城市绿化的重点。     

社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场选址问题研究

用冲突分析理论分析了社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场的选址问题,预测了这一冲突的发展,研究设计了解决这一冲突问题的处理方案．     

沈阳市机动车排放污染控制

综述了沈阳市机动车的发展与现状 ,着重探讨了沈阳市机动车尾气给人民生活带来的危害和解决办法 ,讨论了问题的所在 ,并对未来沈阳机动车尾气治理提出建议。     

建设资源循环型城市是实现可持续发展战略的重要途径

从目前严峻的资源与生态环境形势看 ,要实现全面建设小康社会的目标和满足新型工业化道路的标准要求 ,实现经济发展与环境保护双赢 ,实现经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变 ,实现经济结构战略性调整和产业结构升级 ,发展循环经济是城市未来社会经济可持续发展的最佳模式选择