阿拉善地区生物多样性与自然保护区规划

由于特殊的自然地理条件和独特的地形地貌类型，阿拉善地区具有丰富的珍稀物种资源和多样的生态系统。本文依据保护生物多样性的要求，对该区重点保护区做了具体规划。     

海拉尔区生态环境状况及受损原因和保护、建设对策

运用地理信息系统软件Arcinfo，结合野外调查资料，对2002年海拉尔区遥感数据进行处理，并应用景观生态学原理，从景观水平上对海拉尔区的生态环境进行整体识别和分析。进一步了解了海拉尔区生态环境状况，并通过分析讨论该区生态环境受损原因、保护及对策。     

Avian Community Response to Lowland Tropical Rainforest Isolation: 40 Years of Change at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica

Abstract:  Since 1960, most of the forest surrounding the La Selva Biological Station, an intensively studied tropical research facility in Costa Rica, has been converted to agricultural uses. We used quantitative censuses and analysis of previously published categorical abundances to assess changes in the bird community, and we evaluated potential causes of species-specific changes by assessing their association with habitat, diet, participation in mixed-species flocks, and nest type. Approximately the same percentage of species increased as decreased in abundance from 1960 to 1999 (10–20% of all species, depending on method of assessment). Diet was the single most important trait associated with declining species. At least 50% of the species that declined have insectivorous diets. Use of forest habitat and participation in mixed-species flocks were also significant factors associated with declines, but nest type was unrelated to change in abundance. The species that increased in abundance tended to occur in open habitats and have omnivorous diets. These results reinforce the importance of several population risk factors associated with tropical understory insectivory and mixed-species flocking: patchy spatial distribution, low population density, large home range, and dietary specialization. La Selva's protected area (1611 ha), despite a forested connection on one boundary with a higher elevation national park, is apparently too small to maintain at least one major guild (understory insectivores). This first quantitative assessment of bird community change at La Selva highlights the need to intensify study of the mechanisms and consequences of biological diversity change in tropical forest fragments.     

固定化活性氧化镧的化学除磷及其真空再生技术研究

为降低污水除磷成本、再生循环利用高效除磷剂、回收水体中磷,在此提出并研究了一种新型的化学除磷技术——固定化活性氧化镧（La2O3）化学除磷及其真空再生技术。该技术利用电解实现镧的固定,运用真空原理,实现氧化镧的再生和磷的回收。通过归纳各种常规除磷和新型除磷方法的特点,以及新型除磷方法的技术可行性,得出固定化活性La2O3化学除磷法较常规的除磷方法运行成本低,无污泥及二次污染产生,除磷效率高,可循环利用氧化镧除磷剂．回收利用水中的磷．     

浙江三门湾柱样沉积中长链烯酮、正构烷烃和多环芳烃组成、分布特征及对厄尔尼诺／拉尼娜事件的追踪

利用气相色谱对浙江三门湾H30柱样沉积中长链烯酮、正构烷烃和多环芳烃组成和来源进行分析,并对柱样沉积中相关有机地化指标与厄尔尼诺／拉尼娜事件的关联性进行了探讨。正构烷烃GC谱图显示碳数分布范围为C14-C35,呈双峰型,低碳峰群的主峰为C17-C19,高碳峰群的主峰为C27-C31,这种分布特征表明三门湾沉积物中陆地高等植物和海洋菌藻类的烷烃共存。根据多环芳烃的菲／蒽比值、荧蒽／芘比值、2-3环化合物总量和4环以上化合物总量等可推断,三门湾沉积地层中的多环芳烃主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧物和石油源（航运事件）。基于精确的。mPb定年,1822-2005年间正构烷烃和多环芳烃含量分布、分子组合特征指数可能与厄尔尼诺,拉尼娜事件具有一定的关联。具体表现在,长链正构烷烃的含量与总多环芳烃含量变化具有良好的一致性,二者含量和花、CPI、烷烃C旷C19在厄尔尼诺年增加（尤其在厄尔尼诺结束年）,指示陆源有机质输入和海洋菌藻类一致增加;而二者含量和∑C21／∑C22＋、烷烃C15．C19在拉尼娜事件时降低,表明海洋菌藻类减少。     

Risk ranking of multiple-POPs in detritivorous fish from the Río de la Plata

To evaluate the bioaccumulation and the risk associated to consumption of lipid-rich detritivorous fish, a comprehensive set of organic pollutants (n = 213) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin like PCBs (dlPCBs), chlorinated pesticides (CHLPs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), resolved (ALI) and unresolved aliphatic hydrocarbons (UCM) and linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) were analyzed in Sábalo fish (Prochilodus lineatus) collected in the polluted Metropolitan Buenos Aires coast and in migrating specimens. Fatty fish muscles (lipids: 74 ± 9.3% dry weight) contained homogeneous (24-51% variability) and very high-concentrations of organic pollutants ranging from 60 to 1300 μg g⁻¹ fresh weight (fw) ALI + UCM; 10-40 μg g⁻¹ fw LABs and PCBs; 0.1-1 μg g⁻¹ fw dlPCBs, DDTs, chlordanes, CBzs and PBDEs; 0.01-0.1 μg g⁻¹ fw mirex, endosulfans, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and 0.07-0.2 ng g⁻¹ PCDD/F. Total toxicity equivalents (TEQs) ranged from 60 to 395 pg g⁻¹ fw (34 ± 17 and 213 ± 124 pg g⁻¹ TEQs for PCDD/F and dlPCBs respectively). These are among the highest concentrations reported for fish and point out the remarkable ability of Sábalo to feed on anthropogenic organic-enriched particles and tolerate a high pollutant load. Contaminant signatures show partial alteration with still abundant lower molecular weight components indicating that fish feeds directly in the outfalls. Consumption limits based on reference doses ranged from 0.1 (PCBs) to >12 000 g d⁻¹ (endosulfan) allowing a comprehensive risk-based ranking of contaminants in this long-range migrating, detritivorous fish.     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对油烟燃烧的催化作用

采用浸渍法制备Ld0.8Sr0.2MnO3负载型纳米催化剂,用X-射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂负载层的表面形态、晶相结构和粒径大小进行了表征．并考察了催化剂对油烟低温燃烧的催化活性,以及不同负载量和不同浸渍时间对催化活性的影响．结果显示,催化剂经700℃焙烧后形成了钙钛矿La0.8Sr0.2MnO3纳米晶粒,催化剂对油烟催化燃烧具有较好的低温高活性．     

蜂窝陶瓷表面预处理对催化剂性能的影响

应用溶胶－凝胶技术对蜂窝陶瓷载体进行涂层,以ＣＯ氧化作反应模型,考察了浸渍次数、分散剂及Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｚｒ,Ｙ,Ｃｏ等组分对催化剂活性的影响,同时考察了Ｌａ２Ｏ３对催化剂耐热性能的影响．实验表明:两次浸渍的催化剂活性较高,浸渍原液中加入分散剂提高了催化剂对ＣＯ的氧化活性,使最低完全转化温度降低了１３℃左右．在Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｚｒ,Ｙ,Ｃｏ等组分中,Ｃｅ是最有效的活性助剂,当ＣｅＯ２含量占Ａｌ２Ｏ３涂层的１８%时,催化剂的活性最好．而Ｌａ和Ｚｒ的加入对催化剂活性无明显作用,Ｙ和ＣＯ的加入则降低了催化剂的活性．在７００℃下７ｈ的热老化实验表明:Ｌａ２Ｏ３的加入对催化剂热稳定性无明显影响,但是,１０５０℃温度下２４ｈ热老化后的活性评价表明:Ｌａ２Ｏ３的加入对催化剂热稳定性作用显著,与未加Ｌａ２Ｏ３的催化剂相比,最低完全转化温度降低了１５℃左右．     

Geochemistry of heavy metals in bottom sediments from streams of the western coast of the rio de la plata estuary, Argentina

The fluvial system within the southwestern coastal sector of the Río de la Plata interacts with a very large and efficient mixing basin known as the Río de la Plata estuary. The region is a densely populated and productive sector of Argentina and is characterised by a temperate humid climate. The streams Carnaval, Martín, Del Gato and El Pescado of the study area drain two main geomorphologic units: a higher inner zone and the low lands of the coastal plain. In particular, the Del Gato stream receives heavily polluted discharges from agricultural, urban and industrial point and non-point sources of pollution, while the other streams collect a lower and variable discharge input. As a part of an initial assessment of the role of fluvial bottom sediments in the fate of metals through the stream ecosystems, the spatial distribution of trace and major elements related to particles in the accumulation areas was examined. Concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Fe and Mn, grain size, mineralogy (clay-X ray diffraction) and organic matter content were analysed in the four streams considering both geomorphologic units at different depositional time. Untreated and iron-normalised trace metal concentrations in the most polluted streams show higher levels in the upper layers of most contaminated sectors and accumulation areas associated to topographic low lands. The coastal plain sector behaves as a regional sink between the upstream area and the estuary.     

Whither La Plata? Assessing the state of transboundary water resource cooperation in the basin

In many ways, current treaty arrangements for cooperation over shared water resources among Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay — the five riparian states in South America's La Plata basin — have been relatively successful. These arrangements, mostly bilateral and trilateral partial coalition agreements and institutions that operate under the aegis of the 1969 La Plata River Treaty, have led to significant economic gains from the treaty arrangements for all five riparian states. But these economic gains have also generated significant externalities — particularly, severe environmental degradation — suggesting that alternate cooperative arrangements may be more optimal. Current work suggests that grand coalitions following principles of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) may provide the most efficient means of distributing the benefits and costs of water resource cooperation equitably across riparian states. Using a theoretical framework developed by Just and Netanyahu (1998 ), we find that the arrangement of partial coalitions that exists in the La Plata Basin is preferable to a grand coalition because of its higher degree of stability. Finally, given the ways in which these partial coalitions are beginning to incorporate IWRM techniques, gaining experience and international recognition, we consider whether it is likely that partial coalitions will lead to a grand coalition in the foreseeable future.