渤海湾大气微生物粒子沉降量的研究

对渤海湾大气微生物粒子沉降量子测定，结果表明：测定大气中海洋性细菌真菌，，总菌粒子沉降量及真菌／总菌百分比分别为１７７４．５、３８９．１、２１６３．６ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３和１８．０。陆源性细菌，真菌，总菌粒子沉降量及真菌／总菌百分比为１３７７．９４、４４０．６、１８１８．５ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３和２４．２。海上大气中所含的海洋性微生物总量较大，仍有不少陆源性微生物。这意味着陆源污染和人群活动对近岸海区大气的影响     

大连湾沉积物中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯

对大连湾附近海域的沉积物中有机氯农药 (OCPs)和多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行了定性和定量分析 ,并探讨在沉积物中的分布特征。沉积物中BHCs的浓度范围为 0 .0 2 7× 10 -9～ 5 .782× 10 -9,平均值为 0 .2 46× 10 -9;沉积物中DDTs的浓度范围为 0 .72 7× 10 -9～ 5 .72 3× 10 -9,平均值为 2 .2 0 8× 10 -9;沉积物中PCBs的浓度范围为 0 .0 40× 10 -9～ 3.2 30× 10 -9,平均值为 2 .141× 10 -9。结果表明 ,该湾沉积物未受到OCPs、PCBs的污染 ,其浓度与 1996年调查数据相比呈降低趋势。     

大连湾挥发性有机污染物挥发速率常数估算

本文采用气－液双膜模型和大连湾水文参数，对大连湾检测出的挥发性有机物的挥发速率常数进行估算。结果表明，三氯乙烯等１４种挥发性有机物在大连湾海域中的挥发速率常数在８．０×１０＾－３ｈ－１－１．４×１０＾－２×＾－１之间，挥发半衰期在５０ｈ＝８０ｈ之间。因此，挥发至大气是这些在机物主要归宿。     

胶州湾海洋动物体中重金属含量及评价

本文主要研究了胶州湾海水、海洋动物体中重金属含量，分析结果表明：沿岸河口地区海水中重金属含量较高，其重金属污染主要受沿岸工业排放废水的影响；海洋动物体中重金属含量为底栖动物大于鱼类；海洋动物体中重金属含量不仅受其所栖息海水中重金属含量的支配，而且受季节的影响；海洋动物对于铜比其它重金属具有较强的富集能力。     

辽东湾东部砂岸严重蚀退及其原因分析

辽东湾东部砂岸属冰后期淤长岸。近些年来遭到强烈侵蚀。不仅岬角、平直砂岸在蚀退．连一向稳定的湾内淤长岸也在转侵后退。目前，调查区１００ｋｍ海岸约有２／３的岸段出现严重蚀退现象，不少岸段年蚀退率已超过６ｍ．有的沿海公路多次内迁，引起沙滩粗化、泻湖水量加大、海水倒灌、土地咸化等一系列严重灾害。     

MODELING STUDIES FOR PLANNING: THE GREEN BAY PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: A major contaminant monitoring and modeling study is underway for Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Monitoring programs in support of contaminant modeling of large waterbodies, such as for Green Bay, are expensive and their extent is often limited by budget limitations, laboratory capacity, and logistic constraints. Therefore, it is imperative that available resources be used in the most efficient manner possible. This use, or allocation of resources, may be aided through the application of readily available models in the planning stages of projects. To aid in the planning effort for the Green Bay project, a workshop was held and studies designed to aid in the allocation of resources for a year-long intensive field study. Physical/chemical and food chain models were applied using historical data to aid in project planning by identifying processes having the greatest impact on the predictive capability of mass balance models. Studies were also conducted to estimate errors in computed tributary loadings and in-Bay concentrations and contaminant mass associated with different sampling strategies. The studies contributed to the overall project design, which was a collaborative effort with many participants involved in budgeting, field data collection, analysis, processing of data, quality assurance, data management and modeling activities.     

渤海湾西岸海平面上升威胁的防治对策

因受全球海平面上升和地面沉降的双重影响,在21世纪末渤海湾西岸海平面将相对上升90～260厘米,广大地区(包括天津市区)将处于大潮平均高潮位之下,自然岸线位置将后撤至津浦线附近.我们提出筑堤防潮引黄放淤提高建筑高程三位一体的治理方案。     

Heterotrophic Nano- and Microplankton under Conditions of Anthropogenic Eutrophication of the Bay of Novorossiisk

Seasonal and long-term dynamics of heterotrophic plankton in the Bay of Novorossiisk are discussed. It is shown that specific variation in the biomass of nanoheterotrophs and infusoria is associated with the processes of anthropogenic water eutrophication. The biomass of infusoria has increased ten times and that of zooflagellates two times since 1985–1986. Infusoria of the genera Strombidium, Strobilidium, and Mesodiniumare dominant in the protozoan plankton. The annual average level of Oligotrichadevelopment in the bay is characteristic of eutrophic water bodies (112–417 mg/m³); in the spring–summer season, however, it may increase to 500–1034 mg/m³. In the part of the bay near the port, which is exposed to a strong anthropogenic impact, the biomass of ciliate protozoa can reach 2 g/m³.     

杭州湾南岸滨海平原土地利用/覆被空间格局变化分析

杭州湾南岸滨海平原位于沪、杭、甬经济金三角的中心地带,是我国沿海经济最发达的地区之一。研究其土地利用/覆被空间格局变化对合理利用土地资源,促进沿海地区的可持续发展具有重要意义。利用1987年和2000年2个时期的TM影像,分析了杭州湾南岸滨海平原土地利用/覆被数量及空间格局变化特征。结果表明,杭州湾南岸滨海平原建设用地、水体和养殖用地呈现明显的增长趋势,水田、旱地、滩地、林地和盐田呈减少趋势。受自然和人类活动的共同影响,土地利用/覆被类型斑块平均面积由0.245 km2降至0.173 km2,斑块密度则由4.081个/km2提高到5.781个/km2,斑块数量增加了42%。由于斑块的破碎化,大部分土地利用/覆被类型的边界密度、形态指数、分维数和斑块密度都有不同程度的增加。城市化和非农化的发展使得建设用地格局指数变化表现出一定的特殊性。     

青岛近海PCDD/Fs的沉积通量、毒性当量及来源

用高分辨率气相色谱-质谱方法对青岛胶州湾内外表层沉积物、柱状岩心及贻贝样品中的17种毒性多氯代二苯并二 /呋喃(PCDD/Fs)进行了分析和讨论.表层沉积物的SP_4-8CDD/Fs含量范围在11.6～369pg/g dw,主要以P_4-8CDFs为主.S2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs含量范围4.1～232.4pg/g dw.在环流作用下沉积物中形成了明显的东-西分布格局.除河口处外,PCDD/F同系物分布基本上相同,即低氯代PCDD/Fs占主导.SP_4-8CDD/Fs沉积通量从1951年起逐渐增大,STEQ沉积通量从1980年显著增大.青岛近海PCDD/Fs的来源相对恒定,推测为城市污水污泥和大气沉降.贝肉中S2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs为2.9～5.1pg/g dw. TEQ的主要来源为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF(35%)、2,3,7,8-TCDF(30%)、2,3,7,8,-TCDD(30%).