Heavy metals partitioning in the sediments of Izmir Inner Bay

Izmir Bay is known to be polluted by high concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants.Sediment samples taken from 7 different stations in Izmir Inner Bay were analyzed for their total organic matter content and,Cu,Cr Pb and Zn.In addition,the chemical distribution of the metals were determined by means of the BCR(Community Bureau of Reference)Extraction Procedure (developed by European Commission for Standards,Measurement and Testing) which allows the determination of metals bound as four fractions;exchangeable and acid soluble,reducible(bound to iron-manganese oxides),oxidizable(bound to organics)and residual.The results show that Izmir Inner Bay contains sediments with high metal concentrations.According to the chemical distribution of metals,Cr and Cu tend to accumulate mostly on the organic fraction of the sediment.Pb is mostly found in the reducible fraction where Zn is mobile in the sediment,and it is distributed evenly on each fraction.     

Organic carbon source and burial during the past one hundred years in Jiaozhou Bay, North China

Organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and 210Pb in core sediment were measured to quantify the burial of organic carbon and the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous contributions during the past one hundred years in Jiaozhou Bay, North China. The core sediment was dated using 210Pb chronology, which is the most promising method for estimation of sedimentation rate on a time scale of 100–150 years. The variation of the burial flux of organic carbon in the past one hundred years can be divided into the following three stages: (1) relatively steady before 1980s; (2) increasing rapidly from the 1980s to a peak in the 1990s, and (3) decreasing from the 1990s to the present. The change is consistent with the amount of solid waste and sewage emptied into the bay. The OC:TN ratio was used to evaluate the source of organic carbon in the Jiaozhou Bay sediment. In the inner bay and bay mouth, the organic carbon was the main contributor from terrestrial sources, whereas only about half of organic carbon was contributed from terrestrial source in the outer bay. In the inner bay, the terrestrial source of organic carbon showed a steady change with an increase in the range of 69%–77% before 1990 to 93% in 2000, and then decreased from 2000 because of the decrease in the terrestrial input. In the bay mouth, the percentage of organic carbon from land reached the highest value with 94% in 1994. In the outer bay, the sediment source maintained steady for the past one hundred years.     

辽东湾北部海域大型底栖动物研究:Ⅰ.种类组成与数量分布

于2007年7月下旬在辽东湾进行了29个站位的大型底栖动物调查,共发现大型底栖生物79种;其中包括多毛类18科24种,甲壳动物15科19种,软体动物13科24种,棘皮动物4科6种,其他类群5种.整个调查区内大型底栖动物的优势现象不明显,优势度指数大于1%的物种仅有5种,分别为光滑河篮蛤、日本倍棘蛇尾、日本浪漂水虱、纽虫和西格织纹螺.调查区内底栖动物种类数、栖息密度以及生物量的高值区与低值区呈斑块状互相嵌套.大型底柄动物的平均栖息密度为68.28 m-2,平均生物量为22.75 g/m2;其中软体动物的平均栖息密度为30.52 m-2,生物量为6.92 g/m2;多毛类的平均栖息密度为14.48m-2,生物量为4.15g/m2;甲壳类的平均栖息密度为12.76 m-2,生物量为1.86g/m2;棘皮动物平均栖息密度为6.38 m-2,生物量为8.64 g/m2.1959年渤海各分区大型底栖动物的平均牛物量为10.29～12.83 g/m2.与其相比,除莱州湾外,目前各分区的平均生物量(16.45～22.75 g/m2)均显著升高,变化幅度有所增大.     

胶州湾东岸典型河口区COD浓度响应系数分布探讨

利用胶州湾海域成熟的COD平流-扩散输运模型,对胶州湾东岸典型河(海泊河、李村河和娄山河)口区COD响应系数进行了系统的计算和分析.结果为:海泊河、李村河和娄山河口区沿河道主流向,离岸方向海水COD的响应系数在潮周期内随着潮波变化而变化,不同空间点出现最大值的时间不同,变化的幅度范围也不同,李村河和海泊河口区海水COD响应系数变化幅度明显,娄山河口区变化微小;三个河口区COD响应系数随离开河口距离的增大呈幂函数形式下降,水体活跃大小次序为:海泊河口>李村河口>娄山河口;胶州湾中部海水COD对海泊河、李村河和娄山河口的响应系数基本上没有明显差异.     

台州湾围塘养殖水体中多环芳烃的浓度及来源

采集台州湾6个代表性点位的围塘养殖水体表层水,分析其中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,探讨其可能的来源.结果表明,水体中总PAHs平均含量为8 309.4 ng·L-1,变化范围为5 868.7～1 5156.1 ng·L-1,PAHs的组成以2-3环为主.荧蒽/(荧蒽 芘)和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘/(茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘 苯并[g,h,i])苝比值表明,台州湾围塘养殖水体中的多环芳烃主要来自于化石燃料的燃烧.     

Estuarine surface water allocation: A case study on the interactive role of science in support of management

The inevitable need for freshwater to support the projected population growth along the ocean coast is an emerging issue of potential consequence to adjacent estuaries. A large and controversial water withdrawal/reservoir project in Virginia's coastal plain was the basis of science–management interactions that quantified the vulnerability of tidal freshwater nekton for a series of water withdrawal scenarios. Through progressive iterations of the regulatory review process, which in Virginia includes academic reviews of all aspects of projects proposed to affect the marine and estuarine environment, we developed a novel approach to modeling entrainment probabilities applicable to situations that lack a locally validated hydrodynamic model. The science/management interplay ultimately resulted in surface water allocation strategies that are balances to society and the affected natural environment. Model results showed that the probability of encounter (contact between an egg or larva and one or more units of the intake array) ranged from 1.71% under the conditions of a high river flow and low withdrawal rate to 99.99% under the conditions of a low river flow and high withdrawal rate. The collective body of scientific information was incorporated into regulatory conditions placed on water withdrawals that are designed to protect at least 95% of early life history stages within the intake array's zone of influence.     

厦门湾沙滩沉积物微塑料污染特征

微塑料（MPs）广泛存在于各种环境介质中,目前已经成为全球性环境问题.为了解海湾沙滩沉积物中微塑料的污染特征,揭示微塑料沉积规律及其影响因素,在厦门湾选择了5个典型沙滩,根据潮汐变化,同时在高潮线、中潮线和低潮线分层采集了0~10、10~20和20~30 cm的沉积物柱状样品,研究了沙滩沉积物中微塑料水平与垂直分布特征.结果表明,厦门湾沙滩45个沉积物样品中均检出微塑料,微塑料丰度范围为39~260 n ·kg^-1,平均丰度为（114±26） n ·kg^-1;微塑料形状主要为纤维状、碎片状、颗粒状和泡沫状,其中纤维状占比最大;主要成分为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、赛璐芬（cellophane）和聚乙烯（PE）;微塑料的颜色包括透明、蓝色、黄色、黑色和白色等.从统计结果可以看出,微塑料的平均丰度因沙滩位置、潮间带位置和采样深度的不同呈一定的规律,并且波浪、潮汐、岸线形状、风、游客数量和海漂垃圾清洁等自然和人为多种因素均影响沙滩微塑料的丰度和分布.研究成果有助于了解沙滩沉积物中微塑料的污染特征及来源,为微塑料的陆海传输提供依据,对海漂垃圾及岸滩垃圾收集提供数据支撑.     

粤港澳大湾区飞机LTO污染排放因子及排放清单

针对2018~2019航季年粤港澳大湾区机场群,通过实际滑行时间修正和大气混合层高度对爬升/进近时间的修正,获得飞机主发动机排放因子和区内机场加权排放因子,同时考虑飞机辅助动力装置的排放,建立了区内飞机起飞着陆（LTO）污染排放清单.结果表明,区域内各机场污染物排放因子存在较大差异,主要来源于实际运行时间的修正以及各个机场不同的机型占比,其中NO_x、CO、HC、SO₂、PM 5类污染物的加权排放因子区内均值分别为17.58,8.60,0.79,1.37,0.15kg.排放量分别为15327.4,8066.7,728.4,1186.1,121.9t,绝大部分来自飞机主发动机排放.研究期内,NO_x排放量在年内呈现夏秋季高、冬春季低的变化趋势,其他污染物排放量变化较为平缓.所有污染物在各机场排放量的次序较为一致,香港、广州白云分列前两位.各机型中,区内NO_x及SO₂主要来自A320排放,所占比例分别为19.5%、17.1%;CO及HC排放占比最大的机型均为A321,分别为25.4%、27.2%;PM排放量占比最大的机型是B738,约为23.1%.     

大亚湾核电站邻近海域大型底栖生物群落结构分析

2005年3月和7月对大亚湾核电站邻近海域的大型底栖生物进行了调查.春夏季两次调查共获底栖生物75种,环节动物种类数最多;平均生物量为42.13 g/m2,平均栖息密度为128.50 ind/m2.采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排序尺度分析大型底栖生物群落,春夏季均划分出三个大型底栖生物群落,丰度生物量比较法分析认为个别生物群落可能处于中度扰动状态.不同季节相比较,大型底栖生物数量差别明显,春季生物种类数、生物量和丰度均高于夏季.春夏季生物群落发生了一定的变化,春季生物多样性好于夏季.     

湄洲湾海域底质重金属环境背景值研究

根据湄洲湾区域自然环境特点 ,用背景区调查法 ,选择远离污染源的洁净海区进行表层底质重金属调查 ,并进行数据技术处理和影响因素分析。提出湄洲湾海域底质重金属环境背景值