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排序方式: 共有6513条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
61.
The influence of source and timing of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of four sweet potato cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. O. Ankumah V. Khan K. Mwamba K. Kpomblekou-A 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2003,100(2-3):201
Nitrogen (N) availability is a very important determinant of crop yield. It is also one of the most expensive inputs in crop production. Thus, the efficient management of N by farmers with limited resource is a very important part of successful soil and crop management system. A field study was conducted on a Norfolk sandy loam soil at the George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuskegee, AL, to evaluate the influence of fertilizer source and timing on the yield of four sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] cultivars. Two N sources (urea, CO(NH2)2 and ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3), four sweet potato cultivars (‘Georgia Jet’, GA-Jet; ‘TU-82-155’, TU-155; ‘TU-1892’; and ‘Rojo Blanco’, Rojo-Bl) and three times (zero, single, and split applications) were used in a factorial designed experiment. Plants were harvested after 80 and 120 days and total and marketable yields determined. Nitrogen recovery efficiency, yield efficiency and physiological efficiency were also determined. Total and marketable yields of early maturing cultivars were significantly higher than of late maturing cultivars (P<0.05). The single application of N resulted in significantly higher yield in storage roots than split application (P<0.05). Physiological efficiency values were highly correlated with total marketable yields. Recovery rates increased with time. Late maturing cultivars tended to have higher N recovery and physiological efficiency than early maturing cultivars. These results suggest that cultivar maturity group should play an important part in N fertilization recommendations for sweet potato. 相似文献
62.
Daniel Murdiyarso Erna S. Adiningsih 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(1):101-112
There was a widespread misconception about the causes of vegetation and land fires in Indonesia. At a certain point, the public perceived that fires and the associated haze pollution were primarily caused by smallholders' agricultural activities. In fact, there was a variety of land-use activities including large-scale land clearing following deforestation for further land development. El Niño events and the associated dry weather were sometimes quoted by officials and the media as the cause of fires. The fire episodes from 1980 to 2000 were analysed in connection with climate anomalies and the implementation of land-use policies related to forest conversions. The analysis employs long-term climatic and sea surface temperature data to reconstruct climate distributions and anomalies including Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR). In this study, the terrestrial carbon emissions from vegetation fires were estimated based on official statistical data on area burnt. The possible incentives for sustainable land management were discussed in the light of fire prevention. The underlying cause neglected in the discussion of Indonesian vegetation fires was forest and land development policy. Legitimated in the early 1980s, it drove massive forest conversions and the use of fires for land clearing. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provided dry weather suitable for biomass burning and widespread fire, but it was hardly the cause of fires. The estimate of area burnt in the big fires in 1997 was about 11.6 Mha, resulting in carbon release of 1.45 Gt, equivalent to 0.73 ppmv of CO2, or almost half the annual global atmospheric CO2 growth. Based on the current carbon market price such emissions by the 1997 fire episode were worth around US$ 3.6 billion. 相似文献
63.
Kurz Werner A. Beukema Sarah J. Apps Michael J. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1997,2(4):405-421
Land-use change from an unmanaged to a managed forested landscape in northern forests is associated with a reduction of the
area annually affected by natural disturbances (wildfires and forest insects) and the introduction of harvesting as a new
disturbance. This study examined the impacts of changes in the disturbance regime-the frequency and type of disturbance-on
landscape-level carbon (C) content and fluxes. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector was used to assess these
impacts in six representative landscapes (100,000 ha each) with a range of disturbance regimes that are characteristic of
conditions in coastal British Columbia, the interior of British Columbia, and the eastern boreal forest in Canada. The model
was used to simulate ecosystem C fluxes during a period of natural disturbances, a 50-year transition period during which
harvesting replaced natural disturbances, followed by 150 years of harvesting. The initial landscape-level biomass C content
under natural disturbance regimes in the six example landscapes was 22 to 75% of their potential maximum content which is
often used as the reference or baseline case. After 200 years of forest management, the C stored in the landscape plus the
C retained in forest products manufactured from harvested biomass was between 58 and 101% of the landscape C content prior
to the onset of harvesting. Landscape-level ecosystem C content was found to be affected by changes in the disturbance frequency,
the age-dependence of the disturbance probabilities, and the disturbance-specific impacts on ecosystem C content. The results
indicate that using the potential maximum C content of a landscape as the baseline always overestimates the actual C release
due to land use change. A more meaningful procedure would be to assess the actual differences in landscape-level C content
between the natural and the managed disturbance regime. 相似文献
64.
陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究结果,免除土壤侵蚀的危害,其50cm、100cm土壤中,比对照区持水量高10.20%~33.67%、8.27%~65.37%,含全氮率为对照的90%,含全磷率高2.9%、26.2%,含全钾率高3.18%、8.01%,而水解氮均为对照的61.5%,速效磷高较对照39.02%、97.72%,速效钾为对照的91.48%、92.54%。公顷产桑叶量和蚕茧量均较对照高5~10倍,经济效益较对照高11.88倍。 相似文献
65.
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67.
矿物的相转变曾被认为是矿物包裹体爆裂法测温的影响因素之一。本文从矿物在加热过程中发生相转变和内部气液包裹体爆裂二者不同的作用机理,以及在爆裂曲线上不同的反映出发,通过一些实验和实例对比,探讨了矿物相变对爆裂法测温实际效果的影响,和所谓石英“相变峰”在岩体对比等方面的实际意义,得出矿物相变对爆裂法测温不会产生有害影响的结论。 相似文献
68.
69.
Human adaptation to climate change: a review of three historical cases and some general perspectives
To study mitigation and adaptation to climate change, social scientists have drawn on different approaches, particularly sociological approaches to the future and comparative history of past societies. These two approaches frame the social and temporal boundaries of decision-making collectivities in different ways. A consideration of the responses to climate variability in three historical cases, the Classic Maya of Mexico and Central America, the Viking settlements in Greenland, and the US Dust Bowl, shows the value of integrating these two approaches. 相似文献
70.
极端干旱气候下盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对全球变化的响应 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用作者建立的塔里木盆地北部盐化草甸植被净初级生产力模型 ,模拟了极端干旱气候下盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对全球变化的响应。结果表明 ,在一定土壤质地条件下 ,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力随地下水埋深的增加而逐渐下降。地下水埋深越大 ,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对地下水埋深变化的响应越敏感。全球变化造成的温度升高对盐化草甸植被净初级生产力的影响 ,也是依地下水埋深的不同而有所差异。地下水埋深较小时,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对温度升高的反应较小 ;随着地下水埋深的加大,其响应程度明显增加。因而 ,地下水埋深越大 ,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对全球变化的响应就越明显。 相似文献