Occupational Risk Identification Using Hand-Held or Laptop Computers

This paper describes the Work Environment Profile (WEP) program and its use in risk identification by computer. It is installed into a hand-held computer or a laptop to be used in risk identification during work site visits. A 5-category system is used to describe the identified risks in 7 groups, i.e., accidents, biological and physical hazards, ergonomic and psychosocial load, chemicals, and information technology hazards. Each group contains several qualifying factors. These 5 categories are colour-coded at this stage to aid with visualization. Risk identification produces visual summary images the interpretation of which is facilitated by colours. The WEP program is a tool for risk assessment which is easy to learn and to use both by experts and nonprofessionals. It is especially well adapted to be used both in small and in larger enterprises. Considerable time is saved as no paper notes are needed.     

Investigation and identification of factors affecting migrating peasant workers’ usage of safety footwear in the Chinese construction industry

A sample of 300 migrating peasant workers from 15 Chinese building construction sites completed a demographic questionnaire to investigate the usage of safety footwear. The survey form was constructed based on the theory of planned behaviour, and a total of 12 questions focusing on the workers’ past experience, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control were included in the survey. It was found that 92% of the participants did not wear safety footwear while working on construction sites, although more than 91% of them believed that safety footwear would protect the foot from injury; none of the participants had been provided free safety footwear by their employer. Regression analysis shows that employers’ attitude is the most important factor affecting their usage of safety footwear, ‘providing free safety footwear’ and ‘comfortability of the safety footwear’ ranking second and third respectively.     

创建安全文明工地之我见

从安全生产意识和安全文化的角度，阐述了工地建筑安全管理的意义和方法，提出了建立安全管理体系的必要性。     

模糊层次综合评判法在火电厂选址决策中的应用

根据影响火电厂选址的因素较多、相互之间具有不确定性和模糊性这一特点,结合火电厂选址的实际情况,建立了火电厂选址综合效益评价指标体系;运用模糊层次综合评判法确定了各指标的权重分配;从可持续发展的角度对火电厂选址综合效益进行了评价;经过专家投票,将各因素层次化,得出模糊评价结果,即找到综合效益最好的厂址;并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。可为火电厂决策者投资建设项目提供依据。     

关于城市生活垃圾填埋场填埋气体的产气影响因素探讨

在总结城市生活垃圾产气的特点的基础上．通过对杭州市天子岭垃圾填埋场内不同条件下的多处生活垃圾堆体所产生的填埋气体进行测量,找寻填埋气体的产气影响因素,从而找到了合适的管理与应用方法。     

浅谈垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺和方式

城市生活垃圾填埋场项目环评工作中,其重点和难点是根据不同的自然环境,提出科学、合理、经济、有针对性的垃圾填埋渗滤液处理工艺和方式。垃圾填埋场渗滤液是难处理的高浓度有机废水,在填埋场不同服务时期,其渗滤液的水质及主要组分也在发生变化。本文结合国内外对渗滤液研究基础上,剖析垃圾填埋场渗滤液产生来源、水质特点、主要组分变化情况,深入研究渗滤液的预处理过程、物理化学法、生物处理法及土地处理法等方法的适用条件和优缺点对比,并提出垃圾填埋场对渗滤液的各种处理形式。目前垃圾渗滤液处理方法和方式虽然很多,但如何从源头上减少渗滤液的产生,找到既经济又合理的处理工艺,值得我们在环评工作中做进一步研究。     

成都站金属材料土壤腐蚀原位测试研究

通过对成都材料土壤腐蚀试验站金属材料腐蚀电位、腐蚀率及土壤环境因素的原位连续测试及定期测量土壤微生物方法,研究了碳钢、铝、铜、铅的土壤腐蚀规律。探讨了土壤环境因素及土壤微生物变化规律对金属材料的腐蚀影响。     

特殊菌种处理垃圾渗滤液的小试试验研究

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度有机废水,处理难度很大。对投加特殊菌种处理垃圾渗滤液进行了试验研究,提出了相关的运行参数,并与普通活性污泥法进行了比较。发现特殊菌种的投加大大提高了垃圾渗滤液中污染物的去除效果。     

水涤脱附条件下活性炭脱硫中有效吸附位的研究

以不同活性炭材料吸附性能测试实验的结果为依据,研究了在水涤脱附条件下活性炭脱硫的机理,指出水在吸附位部分失效过程中起到的几种作用,并从有效吸附位的角度进一步分析了吸附材料特性与吸附性能之间的关系,提出产生有效吸附位的前提是具有一定的反应空间,使之能满足反应分子间距和空间构型的条件.研究表明:吸附材料的孔径分布和外表面积是影响吸附性能的两个关键因素;平均孔径40～50A、颗粒直径为3 mm左右的中孔型颗粒活性炭,是一种理想的吸附材料.     

水钠锰矿的锰氧化度与Pb2+吸附量的关系

研究水钠锰矿对重金属离子的吸附,其结构中八面体空穴特点与重金属离子吸附的关系是人们关注的热点.采用酸性和碱性2种介质条件合成了具有不同锰氧化度的2个系列水钠锰矿,研究了它们的锰氧化度(average oxidation state of Mn, AOS)与其d₁₁₀面网间距和Pb²⁺的最大吸附量的关系,以及Pb²⁺吸附量与Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺释放量的关系.结果表明,同系列的水钠锰矿具有相似的晶体形貌,它们的锰氧化度与其d₁₁₀面网间距呈极显著的负相关(r =-0.903 5<-0.661 4,n=14,α=0.01),而与Pb²⁺的最大吸附量呈极显著的正相关(r=0.977 9>0.661 4,n=14,α=0.01),供试水钠锰矿锰氧化度的高低表观上反映了结构中八面体空穴数量的多少,水钠锰矿随着锰氧化度的提高,导致其结构中的八面体空穴数增多,对Pb²⁺的吸附容量增大,八面体空穴数量对Pb²⁺的吸附量的大小起着非常重要的作用.Pb²⁺的吸附量与吸附过程中Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺的释放量之和呈极显著的正相关(r = 0.996 2 > 0.661 4,n = 14,α = 0.01),Pb²⁺吸附过程中伴随的Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺的释放主要来自于水钠锰矿结构中八面体空穴处吸附的相应阳离子.吸附前Mn²⁺,Mn³⁺与H⁺、K⁺占据水钠锰矿结构中八面体空穴上下方位点的相对多少受水钠锰矿的锰氧化度高低的影响,锰氧化度低时,八面体空穴上下方位点吸附Mn²⁺、Mn³⁺较多,吸附的H⁺、K⁺则较少,反之亦然.