京津冀一体化中河北省环境角色定位的构思

河北省的环境角色定位在于对外实现环境的自主性,对内实现环境的恢复和可持续性。而这一定位的难题是环境与经济如何兼得,具体来说就是河北省环境与自身经济、与京津发展、与一体化如何协调。破解经济与环境的博弈,河北省需要把握住自身的主体性,进而实现环境的自主性,规划一体化下的产业格局,促进产业结构的转型,发展低碳经济,最终实现发展模式的更新,而这一定位的最终实现则需要法制的落实和保障。     

联合国环境规划署（UNEP）的角色演进

环境问题是全球性问题,应对环境问题的需要催生了联合国环境规划署。其是联合国系统内最早成立的专门处理环境问题的机构,且为在全球层面上处理环境问题作出了重要贡献。自1972年成立以来,以里约会议为分界点,联合国环境规划署的发展可分为两个阶段,其在这两个阶段的发展状况有所不同。UNEP成立以来为世界环境保护事业做了很多努力,取得了可喜的成绩,但是世界环境恶化的趋势并没有得到遏制,国际环境管理体制存在着诸多的问题,UNEP面临着巨大的挑战和新的机遇。     

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment. Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater. Because microbiological treatment methods are, only to a limited part, able to satisfy these needs, the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest. The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups: improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes, achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent, recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse, desalination of brackish water and seawater, and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process. Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role, also requires application of process control and modeling strategies. This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.     

近岸海域环境功能区概念辨析及其存在的问题和对策

近岸海域环境功能区是进行近岸海域水环境管理的重要依据.随着经济和环境保护形势的发展,我国近岸海域环境功能区管理也应进行相应的调整.研究了近岸海域环境功能区与海洋功能区之间的差别,根据近岸海域环境功能区的定位,指出其应主要包含3个属性,即自然属性、社会属性和管理属性,因此近岸海域环境功能区划分应立足于保护当地的海洋生态系统,满足人类对近岸海域水体的使用功能,同时方便对近岸海域环境系统的管理.对近岸海域环境功能区目前存在的主要问题进行了分析,即超标严重、调整频繁、排污混合区设置不合理以及监管有待加强等.在此基础上,提出应突出近岸海域环境功能区战略定位,将近岸海域环境功能区划上升为国家标准,加强近岸海域环境功能区的生态保护功能,加快修编《近岸海域环境功能区划分技术规范》,并强化环境保护部对近岸海域环境功能区的监督管理等对策建议.      

雌二醇对生物体内分泌系统毒性作用机制的研究

雌二醇可扰乱生物体内激素的正常分泌,对生物体生殖发育、神经系统及免疫系统造成损伤。本文通过查阅大量文献,结合临床试验及动物试验,研究了雌二醇干扰生物体内分泌系统的作用机制,结果发现:持续大剂量的雌二醇可显著扰乱动物体的内分泌系统;脂溶性的雌二醇不易被降解,在人体内也没有特定的代谢途径,因此微量的雌二醇即可在体内蓄积进而对机体造成损伤。     

Is being a leader a mixed blessing? A dual‐pathway model linking leadership role occupancy to well‐being

Recent leadership research has drawn greater attention to how the well‐being of leaders influences leadership behaviors, follower performance and well‐being, and overall leadership effectiveness. Yet little attention has been paid to the relationship between occupying leadership positions and job incumbents' well‐being. This research addresses this question by developing and testing a dual‐pathway model. Our model proposes that incumbency in leadership positions is positively related to high levels of both job demands and job control, whereas job demands and job control have offsetting effects on well‐being. Results based on a longitudinal sample revealed that employees who transitioned from nonleadership positions to leadership roles showed trajectories of increasing job demands and job control, whereas such trends were weaker among those who remained in nonleadership positions. Findings from three additional samples generally demonstrated that leadership role occupancy was indirectly related to various indices of psychological and physiological well‐being through job demands and job control. Because the signs of the indirect effects through job demands and job control differed in expected ways, the overall relationship between leadership role occupancy and the well‐being outcomes was generally small and nonsignificant. We discuss research and practical implications of our framework and findings for organizations, employees, and leaders.     

Retiring: Role identity processes in retirement transition

Retirement transition has become a prolonged process of adaptation, including changes in role identity. However, there is a dearth of research on the process by which retirees cope with the role transition, including how pre-retirement role identities shape the transition, the forms of identity work undertaken by retirees, and the unfolding nature of retirement transition. In an in-depth qualitative examination of the transition process, we identify pre-retirement role identity profiles based on work and nonwork role identities. We then examine how pre-retirement role identities influence the transition process, including the nature of identity work in transition and the transition pathways demonstrated by retirees. Our findings provide insights into strengths and limitations afforded by pre-retirement identities: They facilitate agentic coping in which retirees shed old and adopt new identities but also impose inertia and prolong the transition until identity crises force the retirees to undergo identity exploration and adoption of new identities.     

体育运动对提高大学生社会适应能力的作用

体育运动的社会特性毋庸置疑是提高人的社会健康水平，同时，人在体育运动时，既要定位与合作，又存在相互竞争的现象。这对提高大学生的社会适应能力具有一定的积极意义。     

The Roles of Countrywomen in Controlling Non-point Source Pollution

The main causes of non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake are the improper ways of crop production, animal husbandry, and daily runoff. The paper discusses the relationship between countrywomen and non-point source pollution control by 731 questionnaires in Weidu village and 466 questionnaires in Dapu Town. The roles of countrywomen have changed in families and they have close relationship with non-point source pollution. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility and methods of organizing countrywomen in non-point source pollution control.     

科技期刊中参考文献的作用及规范

参考文献是作者撰写论文或论著时所引用的有关期刊论文和图书资料。参考文献记录了科学的渊源,反映了某一课题的来龙去脉,体现了科学研究的继往开来,也显示了论文的起点、深度和广度。通过引用参考文献,可以将一篇论文与其他论文之间的有机联系告诉读者,便于相关人员开拓视野,交流经验,互通信息,共享成果,正确引用参考文献也是作者对他人劳动的尊重和对知识产权的维护。