Gaming across scale in peri-urban water management: contribution from two experiences in Bolivia and Brazil

Natural resource governance is by nature multi-level, mobilizing various multi-stakeholder arenas in which a social learning approach may play a role. An approach using simulation tools such as role-playing games was tested in metropolitan areas of two South American cities: (1) in the periphery of Cochabamba, to facilitate conflict resolution stemming from the impact of urbanization on the irrigation infrastructure, and (2) in peri-urban areas of São Paulo, to assist in negotiations on land and water management in a protected catchment. Both interventions were designed to broaden the stakeholders' perspectives and facilitate the exchange of the views of different actors on water and land management using role-playing games. This paper discusses how the scale strategy embedded in the tools and in the mode of participation in fact constrained the possibility of bridging the gap between organisational levels in both situations. This calls for both the crafting of multi-level approaches able to take different levels into account, and finding adequate bridging mechanisms to enhance the integration of learning within organisations and communities.     

谈安全生产管理人员的作用

通过对《安全生产法》的贯彻实施，结合当前安全生产形势及安全管理人员的现状，粗浅地阐述了安全管理人员在安全生产中的作用。     

Predicting safety culture: the roles of employer, operations manager and safety professional

Introduction: This study explores predictive factors in safety culture. Method: In 2008, a sample 939 employees was drawn from 22 departments of a telecoms firm in five regions in central Taiwan. The sample completed a questionnaire containing four scales: the employer safety leadership scale, the operations manager safety leadership scale, the safety professional safety leadership scale, and the safety culture scale. The sample was then randomly split into two subsamples. One subsample was used for measures development, one for the empirical study. Results: A stepwise regression analysis found four factors with a significant impact on safety culture (R² = 0.337): safety informing by operations managers; safety caring by employers; and safety coordination and safety regulation by safety professionals. Safety informing by operations managers (ß = 0.213) was by far the most significant predictive factor. Impact on industry: The findings of this study provide a framework for promoting a positive safety culture at the group level.     

幽门螺杆菌研究进展

幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｐｙｌｏｒｉ）是１９８２年Ｗａｒｒｅｎ和Ｍａｒｓｈａｌｌ等人［１］在培养人体胃粘膜活检组织样品时发现的,当时名为幽门弯曲杆菌（Ｃａｍｐｙｌｏｂａｃｔｅｒｐｙｌｏｒｉ）;以后随着各方面研究的深入,Ｇｏｏｄｗｉｎ等［２］１９８９年建立了螺杆菌属（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒ）,才将Ｃ．Ｐｙｌｏｒｉ正式命名为Ｈ．ｐｙｌｏｒｉ．Ｈ．ｐｙｌｏｒｉ是人类慢性活动性胃炎（Ｂ型胃炎）及胃,十二指肠溃疡的重要病原菌,并且是肠型胃癌的诱发因素之一．因而,引起世界范围内对Ｈ．ｐｙｌｏｒ…     

Characteristics of organic acid profiles in 16 species of wild growing edible mushrooms

The aim of study was to determine 9 organic acids in nine aboveground and seven wood-growing wild edible mushroom species originated from an area under the direct influence of a busy trunk road in Poland. The organic acids in the extracts of samples were identified by reversed-phase column liquid chromatography (RPLC). The presented results show that all the mushroom species were characterized by high variation in the profile and content of the analyzed acids. Each of mushroom species contained oxalic acid, the profiles of the other acids strictly depended on mushroom species. Among aboveground species, the highest total content of organic acids was found in Lepista gilva (267.5 ± 26.6 mg g^?1 dry weight (DW)), while Laccaria amethystina was characterized by the lowest content (37.7 ± 6.5 mg g^?1 DW). Within wood-growing species, the highest content of organic acids was determined in Flammulina velutipes (171.9 ± 26.7 mg g^?1 DW), whereas the lowest content (34.2 ± 2.9 mg g^?1 DW) of the studied acids was observed in Grifola frondosa.     

论我国典型公共场所突发事件现场应急处置中消防部队的主导作用

消防部队作为应对典型公共场所突发事件的主导救援力量具有独特的优势,并从法律优势、体制优势、装备优势、经验优势、信息化建设优势、地域分布优势和群众信任优势等7个方面获得充分论证。从政府加强法制建设,扩充现有消防人员的编制,进一步加大消防经费投入、加强消防基础设施和装备建设以及加强技术培训、提升消防部队整体实战能力等4个方面提出了保障消防部队主导地位的措施。笔者认为:只要保障有力,在我国典型公共场所突发事件现场应急处置的过程中,组建一支以消防部队为主导的能够承担多种灾害紧急救援任务的专业化综合救援队伍是可行的,消防部队作为主导救援力量具有其他任何应急救援组织无可比拟的基础和条件。     

Assessment of the Health Impacts of Particulates from the Redevelopment of Kings Cross

The Kings Cross/St. Pancras area has been a rail transport hub from Central London to the Midlands and North Eastern England since the middle of the nineteenth century and dust from the Kings Cross railway lands was even described by Charles Dickens.¹ The Channel Tunnel high speed Rail Link (CTRL) is being constructed between 2001 and 2007 to connect continental Europe to Central London. The CTRL and associated development will help regenerate an area that is surrounded by deprived high density housing estates. London Borough of Camden has set up an extensive particulate monitoring programme to determine if there are any health impacts on local residents from emissions from the demolition and construction work. This article assesses the results from particulate measurements in 2003–2004 and compares this to baseline conditions before the redevelopment work began. The evidence suggests that although 2003 had higher than average pollution levels in the UK as a whole, even higher levels of particulates in the size range PM₁₀–PM_2.5 (defined as PM_coarse) were measured in Kings Cross. Due to the size of these particulates, they tend to be released from construction works rather than transport or secondary particulate sources. Concentrations in 2004 were lower than 2003, but this was primarily due to meteorological conditions. The paper also looks at the health of the local population and discusses whether these elevated levels are creating a problem and legally constitute a statutory nuisance. The Council continues to work with the contractors to try and ensure best practical means to minimise dust emissions and their effect on local residents. ¹Our Mutual Friend     

Water management in the world of globalization

Water management is changing its paradigm. The millennia of economic indoctrination are to be replaced by the logic of ecology. The economic sector satisfying the demands for water and water‐related services guided until now by its own ideology and institutions, is gradually becoming an integral part of environmental protection and eco‐economy. Within the great diversity of national water policies, efforts towards sustainability are a dominant common objective. Discussions of the World Water Fora and other initiatives indicate that ecologically oriented water management is the emerging new challenge for achieving this objective. Ecological orientation emphasizes the unified system of the world water balance processes as transmitters of various human impacts leading to economic externalities. Water management is becoming a component of the processes of globalization primarily through its externalities requiring a comprehensive informational infrastructure as well as adequate institutional competence for their management. The paper analyzes fundamental features of the conceptual models incorporating such informational and institutional arrangements. The outlook of water is inseparably tied to the world order of the future, and water management in the world of globalization can either promote a genuine worldwide collaboration or can become a source of dangerous international tensions and conflicts.     

Experimental and modeling study of de novo formation of PCDD/PCDF on MSW fly ash

The effect of sulfur dioxide （SO2） on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） has been studied in an entrained-flow reactor （EFR） under simulated waste combustion conditions. A chlorination model based on conditional probability was employed to evaluate the homologue patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs. Results revealed that the presence of SO2 did not alter the formation pathway although SO2 suppressed PCDD/F formation. The prediction model of PCDF showed good agreement with the experimental data （R--0.95）, whereas the prediction for PCDDs did not correlate well with the experimental data. This may be explained because potential chlorination pathways play a significant role in PCDF formation, whereas PCDDs are mainly formed through condensation reactions. Furthermore, the result indicated that the steric hindrance during formation has more effects on PCDD than on PCDF due to the symmetric molecular structures of PCDDs.     

枯草芽孢杆菌H110对苹果梨采后青霉病和黑斑病的抑制效果

将具有广谱拮抗作用的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)H110作为生防菌株,研究了该菌的培养液、滤液、菌悬液及蛋白粗提液对苹果梨(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)青霉病(Penicillium expansum Link)和黑斑病(Alternaria alternate)的抑制效果.H110的蛋白粗提液的抑制作用最好,青霉病和黑斑病的发病率分别比对照低92.7%和86.6%,病斑直径也显著小于对照;其次为菌培养液和菌悬液,滤液的抑制效果相对较差,但4种处理均显著好于对照.4种处理对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制效果与in vivo试验的效果一致.实验结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌通过产生抗菌蛋白和竞争作用抑制病原菌生长.图1表2参17