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81.
82.
液幕湿法脱硫就是利用竖直向上喷射的石灰石浆液冲洗烟气,吸收效果好坏主要取决于喷嘴的竖直射流情况,试验研究了7种用于该塔中的喷嘴竖直射流特性。发现各喷嘴竖直射流都存在临界雾化速度。整理出无量纲平均半径与射流速度之间的关系,分析发现喷口直径和喷嘴高度对回落液体覆盖面积影响不大。试验结果表明所有喷嘴的回落液幕分布均匀性相同。导出了射流高度与喷射压力关系式,发现试验范围内喷嘴阻力损失情况相当。 相似文献
83.
Hydrogen is one of the most suitable solutions to replace hydrocarbons in the future. Hydrogen consumption is expected to grow in the next years. Hydrogen liquefaction is one of the processes that allows for increase of hydrogen density and it is suggested when a large amount of substance must be stored or transported. Despite being a clean fuel, its chemical and physical properties often arise concerns about the safety of the hydrogen technologies. A potentially critical scenario for the liquid hydrogen (LH2) tanks is the catastrophic rupture causing a consequent boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE), with consequent overpressure, fragments projection and eventually a fireball. In this work, all the BLEVE consequence typologies are evaluated through theoretical and analytical models. These models are validated with the experimental results provided by the BMW care manufacturer safety tests conducted during the 1990's. After the validation, the most suitable methods are selected to perform a blind prediction study of the forthcoming LH2 BLEVE experiments of the Safe Hydrogen fuel handling and Use for Efficient Implementation (SH2IFT) project. The models drawbacks together with the uncertainties and the knowledge gap in LH2 physical explosions are highlighted. Finally, future works on the modelling activity of the LH2 BLEVE are suggested. 相似文献
84.
针对目前液化石油气站内装卸软管已强制要求改装为液体装卸臂的现状,本文梳理了原质监部门和安监部门对液化石油气站内装卸连接装置的不同要求,对在用液体装卸臂改造存在的安全隐患和后续的监管问题进行了分析,并对液体装卸臂的改造和监管提出了几点建议. 相似文献
85.
液液萃取-气质联用法测定饮用水源地水中SVOCs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶剂(体积比为2∶1)对饮用水源地水中阿特拉津、林丹、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和滴滴涕(含4种)等8种半挥发性有机物进行1次水样萃取,用气质联用法同时测定。试验表明,方法在25.0μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好;检出限在0.006μg/L ~0.028μg/L 之间;空白水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为87.6%~109%,平行测定6次的 RSD<5.1%;测定集中式生活饮用水源地的实际水样,未检出目标化合物,加标回收率为98.6%~109%。 相似文献
86.
水中有机磷农药分析前处理方法探讨 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
分别采用液-液萃取、固相萃取前处理方法,提取水中10种常见的有机磷农药,对比了这两种提取方法的测定结果、经济成本、花费时间及对环境的影响,建议逐步用固相萃取法取代液?液萃取法提取水中有机磷农药。 相似文献
87.
测定水中苦味酸的国标方法——衍生化-液液萃取-气相色谱法采用的提取溶剂苯毒性较大,杂质较多,苦味酸在衍生过程中有部分损失。在国标方法的基础上,改用环己烷为提取溶剂,以溶剂液封加盖的方式,降低了衍生化产物损耗。选用中口径毛细管色谱柱,优化了色谱条件,有效地将衍生化产物与杂质分离。方法在0.500μg/L~40.0μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.083μg/L,标准溶液平行测定6次的RSD≤5.3%,实际样品加标回收率为93.9%~104%。 相似文献
88.
Benn TM Westerhoff P Herckes P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1334-1342
Detection methods are necessary to quantify fullerenes in commercial applications to provide potential exposure levels for future risk assessments of fullerene technologies. The fullerene concentrations of five cosmetic products were evaluated using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to separate and specifically detect C60 and C70 from interfering cosmetic substances (e.g., castor oil). A cosmetic formulation was characterized with transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed that polyvinylpyrrolidone encapsulated C60. Liquid-liquid extraction of fullerenes from control samples approached 100% while solid-phase and sonication in toluene extractions yielded recoveries of 27-42%. C60 was detected in four commercial cosmetics ranging from 0.04 to 1.1 μg/g, and C70 was qualitatively detected in two samples. A single-use quantity of cosmetic (0.5 g) may contain up to 0.6 μg of C60, demonstrating a pathway for human exposure. Steady-state modeling of fullerene adsorption to biosolids is used to discuss potential environmental releases from wastewater treatment systems. 相似文献
89.
Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt Daniel D. Snow Johnette Shockley 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):786-791
The occurrence and estimated concentration of twenty illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals and metabolites in surface waters influenced by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge and in wastewater effluents in Nebraska were determined using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS). Samplers were installed in rivers upstream and downstream of treated WWTP discharge at four sites and in a discharge canal at a fifth location. Based on differences in estimated concentrations determined from pharmaceuticals recovered from POCIS, WWTP effluent was found to be a significant source of pharmaceutical loading to the receiving waters. Effluents from WWTPs with trickling filters or trickling filters in parallel with activated sludge resulted in the highest observed in-stream pharmaceutical concentrations. Azithromycin, caffeine, 1,7-dimethylzanthine, carbamazepine, cotinine, DEET, diphenhydramine, and sulfamethazine were detected at all locations. Methamphetamine, an illicit pharmaceutical, was detected at all but one of the sampling locations, representing only the second report of methamphetamine detected in WWTP effluent and in streams impacted by WWTP effluent. 相似文献
90.
Konstantinos C. Makris Syam S. Andra Dibyendu Sarkar Stephan B.H. Bach 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3508-3513
Concentrated animal feeding operations around the globe generate large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the surrounding atmosphere. Liquid animal waste systems have received little attention with respect to N2O emissions. We hypothesized that the solution chemistry of animal waste aqueous suspensions would promote conditions that lead to N2O supersaturation at the liquid/air interface. The concentration of dissolved N2O in poultry litter (PL) aqueous suspensions at 25 °C was 0.36 μg N2O mL−1, at least an order of magnitude greater than that measured in water in equilibrium with ambient air, suggesting N2O supersaturation. There was a nonlinear increase in the N2O Henry constants of PL from 2810 atm/mole fraction at 35 °C to 17 300 atm/mole fraction at 41 °C. The extremely high N2O Henry constants were partially ascribed to N2O complexation with aromatic moieties. Complexed N2O structures were unstable at temperatures > 35 °C, supplying the headspace with additional free N2O concentrations. 相似文献