Determining short chain fatty acids in sewage sludge hydrolysate：A comparison of three analytical methods and investigation of sample storage effects

In anaerobic digestion, the production of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, the accuracy of three available analytical methods, including 5 pH point acid titration （TITRA5）, gas chromatography （GC）, and spectrophotometry, were compared in the present study. The results revealed that TITRA5 and GC displayed better agreement in the achieved measurements and higher precision and accuracy than the spectrophotometric assay, as supported by the application of different statistical models. TITRA5 excelled in titrating unfiltered hydrolysate while simultaneously measuring the alkalinity, whereas the GC method provided detailed information on the contribution of different fatty acids to the total acidity. In contrast, the spectrophotometric assay suffered from many forms of interference, depending on the sample＇s matrix. SCFA production followed the pattern of enzymatic reactions and fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. In addition to promoting TITRA5 as an accurate and robust analytical tool for routine SCFA analyses, this comparative study also demonstrated the possibility of storing hydrolysate samples at different temperatures and durations without altering the SCFA measurements.     

氨氮质量控制研究报告

通过对氨氮测试中的空白和标准样品的不同要求的测定,以及对实际样品的不同要求的测定,得出在不同要求下测试的真实测定结果。     

全国土壤污染状况调查样品采集质量保证

土壤污染危害巨大,它直接关系到人体健康、生态安全和农业可持续发展。目前中国土壤污染状况形势严峻,对全国各地土壤污染状况进行调查是一件意义重大而且势在必行的事情。土壤样品采集是土壤污染状况调查工作的重要组成部分,所采集的样品的代表性直接关系到调查工作的成效。质量保证对数据的准确性、精密性、可靠性和代表性有着十分重要的意义,因此土壤样品采集过程中应严格按照质量保证程序进行全过程质量控制。     

美丽中国建设地方实践评估与展望

美丽中国建设需要各地区各部门社会各界共同推动,开展美丽中国建设地方实践是实现美丽中国建设目标的有效途径。党的十八大以来,全国各地积极开展美丽中国建设实践,全力打造美丽中国建设样本和先行区,丰富建设内涵、深化建设内容、拓展建设领域、创新实践模式、完善实践机制,取得了显著成效,形成了一批典型经验。进入新时代新征程,围绕建设人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国,需要进一步发挥各地积极性、主动性、创造性,深化美丽中国建设地方实践,坚持分区分类因地制宜,形成各美其美的美丽中国建设格局,坚持系统谋划,创新提升美丽中国建设地方实践模式,强化政策协同和宣传激励,形成各地区全社会合力共建美丽中国的良好氛围,为全面建设美丽中国提供丰富的地方实践和坚实的基础支撑。     

以江苏省河流湖泊为例探讨基于物种与面积关系确定大型底栖动物最适及高效采样量

以江苏省河流湖泊为研究对象,选取不同水体代表性点位,运用多生境采样法和形态学鉴定获取淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物的物种数及对应的采样面积,拟合实际结果的物种数与面积关系对数函数曲线。所研究采样量包括采样面积值、样方及样带数。研究发现,不同水体点位最适采样量面积为1.45~12.75 m²,样方及样带总数为6~16个,其要求十分耗时耗力。为解决这一问题,以物种数与面积关系对数函数的一阶导数曲线y≈1值为临界点,提出"高效采样量"概念,并提出3条采样原则供讨论。同时得到江苏地区高效采样量:涉水可过河流采样面积为1.36 m²,涉水不可过河流采样面积为1.5 m²,不可涉水河流和浅水湖泊采样面积为1.75 m²,均需采集4个样方,1个样带。