江西九岭南坡韧性剪切带与推覆构造成因联系的讨论

本文从基本构造特征与运动机制、变形变质作用与构造层次及形成时代等方面，阐述了江西九岭南坡韧性剪切带与推覆构造的各自特征及其关系。指出：两者无直接的成因联系，前者并不是后者的根带，它们是不同运动机制、不同构造层次、不同地质时代的产物。     

高山电视塔腐蚀与防护

对5座高山电视塔在自然环境下金属腐蚀与防护进行了调查和分析研究,寻求其规律性,以便在今后建设中有针对性地改进抗蚀措施,提高并延长其结构使用寿命,更好地为广播电视宣传服务。     

江西云山木本植物资源的区系地理分布

本文研究了云山木本植物资源的地理分布和区系特点,对合理利用和保护该地区植物资源提出了几项切实可行的措施。     

鼎湖山针阔叶混交林地表CH4通量

用静态箱-气相色谱法对鼎湖山针阔叶混交林的地表CH4通量进行了为期一年的原位观测和研究.结果表明,该林型土壤总体为大气CH4的吸收汇,通量年变化范围60～-120 μg·m-2·h-1,在雨季向旱季过渡的9、10月份,土壤对CH4的吸收较为强烈,而在冬季的1月份,吸收通量最小;凋落物层对该林型地表CH4的吸收没有明显的阻隔作用;多元回归分析发现CH4通量与地下5 cm温度显著相关,尤其是在土壤湿度变化不大的旱季,土壤表层温度为影响CH4通量的主导因子.     

Influence of different digital terrain models (DTMs)on alpine permafrost modeling

The thawing of alpine permafrost due to changes in atmospheric conditions can have a severe impact, e.g., on the stability of rock walls. The energy balance model, PERMEBAL, was developed in order to simulate the changes and distribution of ground surface temperature (GST) in complex high-mountain topography. In such environments, the occurrence of permafrost depends greatly on the topography, and thus, the digital terrain model (DTM) is an important input of PERMEBAL. This study investigates the influence of the DTM on the modeling of the GST. For this purpose, PERMEBAL was run with six different DTMs. Five of the six DTMs are based on the same base data, but were generated using different interpolators. To ensure that only the topographic effect on the GST is calculated, the snow module was turned off and uniform conditions were assumed for the whole test area. The analyses showed that the majority of the deviations between the different model outputs related to a reference DTM had only small differences of up to 1 K, and only a few pixels deviated more than 1 K. However, we also observed that the use of different interpolators for the generation of a DTM can result in large deviations of the model output. These deviations were mainly found at topographically complex locations such as ridges and foot of slopes.     

五台山春季气溶胶传输特征

基于气溶胶监测仪Grimm180观测的2018年3~5月山西省五台山气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度数据,以及对应时段的美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）提供的全球资料同化系统（GDAS）数据,利用聚类分析和潜在源贡献因子分析（PSCF）等方法,研究五台山春季气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度的统计特征,分析影响五台山气溶胶浓度变化的主要传输路径,以及潜在的贡献源区.结果表明,影响春季五台山气溶胶变化的主要传输路径有6类,其中,第1,4,2,5类传输路径均为西北和偏西方向,占总轨迹62.5%,而第3,6类传输路径则为偏南和偏东方向,占总轨迹的24.7%.对不同传输路径进行统计分析,发现第1,4类传输路径对粗粒径PN₁₀、PN_>10数浓度和PM₁₀质量浓度影响最大,其潜在贡献源区主要位于内蒙古西部和陕北黄土高原一带,PSCF值在局部地区达到了0.6以上.第6,3类路径对细粒径的数浓度PN_0.5、PN_1.0和PM_1.0质量浓度影响较大,其潜在贡献源区主要位于山西中南部、陕西中部、京津冀地区中部以及河南北部区域,部分地区PSCF值达到0.8以上.细粒径的PSCF高值区主要位于五台山的偏东和偏南方向,传输高度在2km以下.随着粒径的增加,PSCF高值区变为西北和东南方向,传输高度到达了自由对流层2~4km,且通过西北地区自由对流层的输送占比逐渐增大,PSCF高值区距离五台山站也越来越远.     

川西亚高山/高山典型土壤类型有机碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量特征

论文通过研究川西亚高山/高山生态系统不同海拔分布典型土壤类型SOC、TN、TP及其生态化学计量学特征,对比《四川土壤》1985年调查成果,评价我国川西亚高山/高山典型土壤恢复状况。测定亚高山草甸土、草甸土、暗棕壤、棕壤、黄棕壤、褐土的腐殖质层、淀积层、母质层土壤SOC、TN、TP含量,计算生态化学计量值。结果表明：土壤SOC含量表现为亚高山草甸土>草甸土>暗棕壤>褐土>黄棕壤>棕壤,TN含量表现为亚高山草甸土>草甸土>暗棕壤>褐土>黄棕壤>棕壤,TP含量表现为暗棕壤>亚高山草甸土>草甸土>棕壤>褐土>黄棕壤;暗棕壤、棕壤基本表现为SOC、TN、TP含量随土层加深递减;依据第二次全国土壤普查分级标准,研究区土壤有机质呈很丰富水平,TN呈丰富水平,TP呈缺乏水平。土壤SOC、TN和TP水平分布从南向北呈先增加后减少。化学计量比特征：土壤碳氮比表现为草甸土>褐土>黄棕壤>亚高山草甸土>暗棕壤>棕壤,土壤碳磷比表现为草甸土>黄棕壤>褐土>暗棕壤>亚高山草甸土>棕壤,土壤氮磷比表现为草甸土>暗棕壤>黄棕壤>褐土>亚高山草甸土>棕壤,TP是主要限制因子。对比1985年调查结果,经过近30 a的恢复,亚高山草甸土、草甸土、黄棕壤、褐土土壤SOC含量呈增加趋势,棕壤SOC含量下降幅度最大,2015年仅为1985年的31.06%;土壤TN变化不大;TP含量呈下降趋势,变化幅度在56.41%~87.85%之间。     

Integrating limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes into the landscape of a natural area

A general conceptual watershed-lake model of the complex interactions among climatic conditions, watershed location and characteristics, lake morphology, and fish predation was used to evaluate limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes. Our main hypothesis was that decreasing elevation in mountainous terrain corresponds to an increase in diversity of watershed size and lake area, depth, temperature, nutrient concentrations, and productivity. A second hypothesis was that watershed location and aspect relative to climatic gradients within mountainous terrain influences the limnological characteristics of the lakes. We evaluated these hypotheses by examining watershed location, aspect and size; lake morphology; water quality; and phytoplankton and zooplankton community characteristics among high mountain forest and subalpine lakes in Mount Rainier National Park. Although many of the comparisons between all forest and subalpine lakes were statistically insignificant, the results revealed trends that were consistent with our hypotheses. The forest lake group included more lakes with larger watersheds, larger surface areas, greater depths, higher concentrations of nutrients, and higher algal biovolumes than did the group of subalpine lakes. Deep lakes, which were mostly of the forest lake type, exhibited thermal stratification and relatively high values of some of the water-quality variables near the lake bottoms. However, the highest near-surface water temperatures and phytoplankton densities and the taxonomic structures of the phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages were more closely related to geographical location, which corresponded to a west-east climate gradient in the park, than to lake type. Some crustacean and rotifer taxa, however, were limited in distribution by lake type. Fish predation did not appear to play an important role in the structure of the crustacean zooplankton communities at the genus level with the exception of Mowich Lake, where crustacean taxa were absent from the zooplankton community. This was the only lake inhabited by a true zooplanktivourous species of fish.     

Passive air sampling of organochlorine pesticides in a northeastern state of India, Manipur

Thirty-six polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed over a year during January to December, 2009 at three locations, i.e., Imphal (urban site), Thoubal (rural site) and Waithou (alpine site) of Manipur, to assess the seasonal local atmospheric emission of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The average concentration of HCHs monitored at mountain site during hot season (Mar, Apr, and May) and rainy seasons (Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep) were 403 and 349 pg/m3, respectively. DDTs had a high concentration with 384 pg/m3 at rural site and 379 pg/m3 at urban site during hot seasons. Endosulfans and chlordane were found high in concentration during hot seasons (260 pg/m3) and low during retreating monsoon seasons (44 pg/m3) at rural site. Most of the OCPs concentrations were high during cultivation period. The OCP concentrations of rainy season were highly correlated (p < 0.01) with OCPs of hot seasons. Further, positive correlation (p < 0.05) was also obtained between cold seasons and retreating monsoon. Principal component analysis showed a significant correlation among the four seasons and distribution pattern of OCPs in air. Back trajectory analysis by using HYPSLIT model showed a long range air transport of OCPs to the present study area. Present OCP levels at Manipur is an outcome of both local emission and also movement of air mass by long range atmospheric transport.     

山地旅游研究进展与启示

为探讨山地旅游研究中存在的问题及发展方向,在参阅相关研究文献的基础上,分析了国内外山地旅游研究进展。从研究内容、研究结果等方面论述了国外山地旅游研究进展,按时间进展将国内山地旅游研究划分为三个阶段:起步阶段、发展阶段和深化阶段,每一阶段的研究方法、研究内容以及表现特征都有较大差异。从研究内容和研究方法两个方面分析了国内外山地旅游研究差异。从山地旅游发展及研究现状来看,今后山地旅游研究应创新和改进研究方法以及技术路线,加强旅游发展条件下的山地人地关系地域系统研究,研究新的要素在山地旅游发展中的作用过程和作用机制,加强不同时空尺度条件下的山地旅游发展特征、演化过程和演化规律研究。