广西大明山自然保护区哺乳动物资源调查研究

2000年9月11日至26日,在广西省大明山自然保护区采集哺乳动物81只(种),共计19种,隶属5目,11科.结合以往的调查资料,已知大明山自然保护区有哺乳动物动物60种,隶属8目,22科,47属.保护区内的哺乳动物多样性系数(H”)为2.5555,均匀度指数(J)为O.8679,动物的密度为231.23只/km2.     

陕南2000年“7·13”山地灾害成因分析及防御对策

论述了陕南地区中南端紫阳、镇巴两县 2 0 0 0年 7月 11～ 14暴雨降水特征 ,分析了 7月12～ 13日造成 2 36人死亡、 392人受伤、 7.95亿元人民币直接损失特大山地灾害的成因 ,并提出了该区今后防御与减少山地灾害的对策。     

Effect of typhoon with extreme precipitation on mountain reservoir drinking water treatment: a case study in Ningbo,China

Due to frequent drinking water pollution accidents in the past decade, it is common that mountain reservoirs were used as the source of drinking water in China. However, some coastal areas frequently suffer from typhoon with extreme precipitation, which results in the water quality deterioration of the reservoirs. The influence of typhoons with extreme precipitation on Jiaokou reservoir and the emergency treatment process of Maojiaping water treatment plant in the past three typical typhoons with extreme precipitation from the year of 2012–2015 were studied. It was found that the degradation of water quality, such as the increase of turbidity and bacteria index, may not merely appear during the events, but last for several days. Changing the dosage of water purification agent, such as coagulant and disinfectant at right time and place may be an efficient emergency water treatment process. Based on the analysis of water quality variation rule during and after the events, it was also found that emergency treatment can be fully prepared before the arrival of a typhoon with extreme precipitation. And in order to better respond to the typhoon with extreme precipitation, several suggestions are also proposed in this paper as follows: establishing vegetated buffers at right place, such as macrophanerophytes, shrub or herbage, increasing investments in infrastructure management, merging or cancelling the small-scale water treatment plants, preparing adequate water purification agent before the typhoon comes, etc.     

江苏省山体资源保护区划及对策

山体资源是空间资源、生物资源、水资源、景观资源、矿产资源叠加的重要地理空间,是支撑地区经济和社会可持续发展的重要资源基地。因此,合理划定山体资源保护区域,对改善生态环境意义重大。将山体资源概括为山体有别于平原的自然景观及所承载的人文景观的总称,基于区域连续性、内部同一性、概念一致性、公众认知性、区域稀缺性等原则,厘定了江苏1 154个山体的空间分布特征。以此调查研究成果为基础,从山体资源的自然属性和社会属性考虑,构建了由3个目标层、6个约束层和11项指标层组成的江苏山体资源保护区划评价指标体系,在MAPGIS技术支持下,采用综合指数模型,将各区划因子按其权重进行空间代数叠加,将182个山体划分为山体资源自然保护红线区、214个山体划分为山体资源自然保护黄线区、293个山体划分为山体资源自然保护绿线区、464个山体划为山体资源适宜开发区。提出编制山体资源保护规划、科学评价山体资源保护价值、实现山体资源的动态监控等山体资源保护对策。     

Role of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Snow Leopard Conservation

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the rugged mountains in 12 countries of Central Asia, including the Tibetan Plateau. Due to poaching, decreased abundance of prey, and habitat degradation, it was listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1972. Current conservation strategies, including nature reserves and incentive programs, have limited capacities to protect snow leopards. We investigated the role of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in snow leopard conservation in the Sanjiangyuan region in China's Qinghai Province on the Tibetan Plateau. From 2009 to 2011, we systematically surveyed snow leopards in the Sanjiangyuan region. We used the MaxEnt model to determine the relation of their presence to environmental variables (e.g., elevation, ruggedness) and to predict snow leopard distribution. Model results showed 89,602 km² of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan region, of which 7674 km² lay within Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve's core zones. We analyzed the spatial relation between snow leopard habitat and Buddhist monasteries and found that 46% of monasteries were located in snow leopard habitat and 90% were within 5 km of snow leopard habitat. The 336 monasteries in the Sanjiangyuan region could protect more snow leopard habitat (8342 km²) through social norms and active patrols than the nature reserve's core zones. We conducted 144 household interviews to identify local herders’ attitudes and behavior toward snow leopards and other wildlife. Most local herders claimed that they did not kill wildlife, and 42% said they did not kill wildlife because it was a sin in Buddhism. Our results indicate monasteries play an important role in snow leopard conservation. Monastery‐based snow leopard conservation could be extended to other Tibetan Buddhist regions that in total would encompass about 80% of the global range of snow leopards. Papel de los Monasterios Budistas Tibetanos en la Conservación del Leopardo de las Nieves     

福建茫荡山地区春季大气O3、HONO、HCHO、H2O2对 ·OH的贡献率研究

2009年春季在福建南平市茫荡山地区进行观测,测量了.OH源O3、HONO、HCHO和H2O2的浓度.结果表明O3、HCHO、HONO、H2O2浓度分别为4.96×10-8、3.97×10-10、2.53×10-10、1.18×10-10,低于华北农村的浓度.利用CMAQ计算O3、HCHO、HONO、H2O2对.OH的贡献率,分别为57.0%、7.7%、34.9%、0.4%.O3光解是该地区最重要的.OH来源.O3、HCHO、H2O2对.OH的贡献呈现单峰变化,在12:00～13:00达到峰值.HONO对.OH的贡献曲线呈波动状,和人类居住环境清晨出现峰值的情况不同.     

中国小流域山洪灾害防御研究

文章主要研究中国小流域山洪灾害防御研究,利用文献调查法和综合分析法,分别从中国山洪灾害造成概况、特点与危害、诱因与影响因素、主要表现形式以及防御措施几个方面进行研究.结果表明:首先研究小流域山洪灾害的特点、影响因素及其诱因对于制定具有针对性的防御措施至关重要;其次科学合理的山洪灾害应对措施能够极大的降低山洪灾害造成的损失;最后制定科学合理的山洪灾害预案、恢复生态平衡、加强小流域综合治理是防御山洪灾害的有效途径.     

基于特征的井工开采土地破坏程度特征因子选取

在特征概念基础上，论述了在半干旱山区土地复垦特征因子选取的原则，并对各特征因子进行了定量化研究，确定了土地破坏程度的特征因子定量分级指标。     

武当山土壤的粘粒矿物与表面电荷性质

本文研究了湖北省武当山风景区石英云母片岩发育的７个土样的粘土矿物组成、粘粒氧化物含量。土壤电荷量及电荷零点．结果表明：（１）供试土壤粘土矿物均以２∶１型矿物占优势，在海拔４４０ｍ以下的土壤中主要是水云母和蛭石，在海拔６７０ｍ以上的土壤中主要是１．４ｎｍ过渡矿物、绿泥石和水云母；（２）土液粘粘中氧化铁和氧化铝的含量、粘粒硅铝率及氧化铁的游离度随海拔的变化而变化的趋势不甚明显，但非晶形铝铁氧化物的含量及氧化铝和铁的活化度随海拔升高而趋于增加；（３）土壤可变负电荷量、阴离子吸附量和电荷零点随海拔升高而趋于增加。     

Application of ground-based Lidar for studies of the dynamics of ozone in a mountainous basin

A ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar was employed to study the dynamics of atmospheric O3 within the planetary boundary layer of a basin in the 'Fichtelgebirge' mountains, NE Bavaria. In particular, the night-time dynamics of O3 linked to the ground were investigated. The Lidar system measured vertical profiles of O3 up to 1 km above ground. For detailed analysis of the night-time dynamics of ozone, supplementary data from three ground-based stations (measuring mixing ratios of O3 and NO(x), as well as meteorological parameters) are essential. The Lidar results could be evaluated with these data from various altitudes above the basin floor. For the station with the largest (vertical) distance to the ground-based Lidar, the agreement was very good at all times. The Lidar method proved to be useful for examining the spatial distribution of O3. The observed night-time decrease of O3 at the bottom of the basin was due to deposition and to advection of air masses containing less O3 from the mountain slopes.