我国旅行社业存在的主要问题及发展对策

旅行社业对促进旅游业的发展起着举足轻重的作用,但随着技术化时代的到来,网络的发展,特别是中国加入WTO后,中国旅行社业面临越来越大的挑战.本文分析了目前我国旅行社业存在的主要问题,同时就旅行社业如何抓住机遇,迎接挑战,提出几点参考意见,力求探索其新的生存发展之路.     

可持续发展理念下的海洋旅游开发研究

现代的海洋旅游已进入全新的发展时期。海洋旅游业在海洋产业中具有先导地位，发展潜力巨大，在可持续发展的理念下，本文对我国海洋旅游开发的原则及保障措施等方面进行研究和探讨。     

Public Attitudes Towards Policy Instruments for Congestion Mitigation in Shanghai

Congestion causes many externalities for the society, including time delays, excessive fuel consumption, air pollution, noise and safety concerns. In Shanghai, various policy options have been explored, piloted or applied; however, not all of them may be understood and accepted by the public. A survey was conducted to investigate people＇s attitudes towards several policy options. The main findings reveal that Shanghai residents are resistant to certain policies, such as congestion charges, higher parking charges in congested areas and car restrictions. Instead, they favor public transport provisions. The paper suggests that there is a case for promoting public transport and more efficient trips when the car ownership is still low, and for investing in a policy of educating the public on the ＇true＇ costs and causes of congestion before embarking on ,an intensive policy of congestion charges or restrictions.     

中国不同交通模式的可达性空间格局研究

交通运输网络是经济发展的重要保障,分析可达性空间格局差异对引导人口分布和交通设施合理建设具有重要意义。以中国2 317个县级行政区域为研究对象,采用加权平均旅行时间法,通过构建可达性指标分析了公路、铁路、机场、港口及综合交通的空间格局。结果表明:公路可达性形成了以郑州、武汉、合肥为中心的"核心-外围"模式;铁路形成了以京沪线为轴线,沿铁路干线分布的带状结构,最优区已南移至合肥及南京;机场可达性形成了以各个枢纽机场为核心的"轴-辐"结构;港口可达性由沿海向内陆降低;综合交通可达性由东向西降低,具有反自然梯度特征。4种交通方式的可达性总体水平较高,约有70%的县域超过平均水平,与人口分布具有一定的相似性,东部城市高于西部城市,但存在区域内的不均衡现象。最后对各交通方式出现的问题提出了一些针对性建议。     

低碳城市研究综述

低碳经济发展已经成为大势所趋的今天,本文先综述了国内外先进的研究成果,给出了最新的低碳城市研究的发展动态,并在借鉴这些最新研究成果的基础上,提出打造低碳城市的观点,引入低碳经济的发展理念,给出了城市经济整体的低碳发展应以实现碳排放与人均GDP关系脱钩为目标。     

Improving Benefit Transfer Demand Functions: A GIS Approach

Methodologies for transfer of non-market, natural resource recreation benefits are an active research topic. This arises because of the appeal of modelling the impacts of possible changes in site quality or benefits at unsurveyed sites. However, successful benefit transfer must necessarily rely on development of reliable visitor demand functions that incorporate travel time, demographic and substitute factors. Previous efforts to include all of these elements in a single arrivals model are rare. By integrating data from numerous sources within a geographical information system (GIS) we have developed a model to predict the number of visitors to a recreational woodland in eastern England. Variables were classified into discrete groups that were combined into comparatively homogeneous zones from which to calculate visit rates. Poisson regression techniques were then applied in a stepwise procedure to assess the influence of each determinant. Our analysis highlighted both substantial promise and some caveats in using GIS for future benefit transfer work.     

四川旅游名城资源的保护成绩与基本策略

客观地总结了四川省在保护旅游名城（镇）资源方面取得的显著成绩：大批重点文物保护有序；扩建和新建各类博物馆、纪念馆、陈列馆；对成都市三大片区进行了保护性维修与改造；对市内古镇进行了调研与规划。提出了四川省在保护旅游名城（镇）资源方面的3个重点层次，以及切实加强旅游名城（镇）资源的保护要做到政府重视、规划管理、完善法制、资金投入与全民意识等基本策略与具体措施。     

旅行社品牌经营中必须注意的几个问题--兼论安徽省旅行社的品牌经营

我国旅行社业正经历着激烈的市场竞争,许多旅行社开始注重打造品牌,但旅行社品牌经营现状令人堪忧.结合安徽省旅行社的实际,剖析了旅行社品牌经营状况,并就品牌经营过程中存在的问题和如何进行品牌经营提出了自己的看法,以期对旅行社经营管理者有一定的借鉴作用.     

Tour Level Mode Choice Analysis of Madison Area in Wisconsin

This study is to investigate what factors and how they affect tours （trip chains） behavior. The key issue is the understanding and definition of tour and tour level mode. Also, these definitions should fit for the data. A semi-home based tour definition is stated, and a competing mode based tour mode is defined. Based on the definition, this study used Madison Area Data from National Household Survey to estimate a MNL structured model. It is found that travel distance could be a positive factor for car mode. Meanwhile, the number of trips is also a positive factor for choosing car.     

Emission Patterns under Alternative Congestion and Motor Vehicle Pollution Mitigation Policies in Shanghai

As a megacity with thriving economy, Shanghai is experiencing rapid motorisation and confronted with traffic congestion problems despite its low car ownership. It is of value to look into the policies on emission control of motor vehicle and congestion reduction in such a city to explore how to reconcile mobility enhancement with the environment. Results of a dynamic simulation displayed time paths of emissions from motor vehicles in Shanghai over the period from 2000 to 2020. The simulation results showed that early policies on emission control of motor vehicle could bring about far-reaching effects on emission reduc- tion, and take advantage of available low-polluting technologies and technical innovation over time. Travel demand management would play an important role in curbing congestion and reducing motor vehicle pollution by calming down car ownership rise and deterring inefficient trips as well as reducing fuel waste caused by congestion.