基于车辆身份检测数据的车辆出行排放知识图谱研究

为实现个体车辆出行、排放行为的精细表征与挖掘,基于宣城市中心城区全量个体车辆的出行轨迹、技术参数、排放轨迹等多维交通大数据,以表征个体车辆出行过程的排放信息为主线,设计并构建车辆出行排放知识图谱.研究表明：①知识图谱直观地表征了“车辆-道路-出行-排放”信息的时空关联,可实现个体车辆在不同日期、不同时段、不同路段等多尺度出行特征的精细挖掘.以某辆小型客车为例,检索发现周一、周三出行主要连接的小时实体都为7：00、8：00和17：00,周五、非工作日出行连接的小时实体具有明显的随机性;周一、周三出行所连接的道路实体较少且基本一致,在宣水路、昭亭北路、昭亭南路的出行里程之和占比为63%~68%,周五、非工作日出行连接的道路实体则较为分散.②通过出行信息类、排放信息类实体的关联检索,可实现个体车辆出行排放时空特征的精细辨识和溯源分析.示例车辆的检索结果表明：周一车辆的CO日排放量为1.2g,是周六的2.5倍,同时在早高峰时段（7：00）,车辆出行在交通繁忙路段时,伴随低水平车速,排放强度相对较高.     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in hair samples of Northern Poland population, 1968-2009

The European regulation on chemicals, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), came into force on 1 June 2007. With pre-registration complete in 2008, data for these substances may provide an overview of the expected chemical space and its characteristics. In this paper, using various in silico computation tools, we evaluate 48 782 neutral organic compounds from the list to identify hazardous and safe compounds. Two different classification schemes (modified Verhaar and ECOSAR) identified between 17% and 25% of the compounds as expressing only baseline toxicity (narcosis). A smaller portion could be identified as reactive (19%) or specifically acting (2.7%), while the majority were non-assigned (61%). Overall environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential were evaluated using structure-activity relationships and a multimedia fugacity-based model. A surprisingly high proportion of compounds (20%), mainly aromatic and halogenated, had a very high estimated persistence (>195 d). The proportion of compounds with a very high estimated bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factor (>5000) was substantially less (6.9%). Finally, a list was compiled of those compounds within the applicability domain of the models used, meeting both persistence and bioaccumulation criteria, and with a long-range transport potential comparable to PCB. This list of 68 potential persistent organic pollutants contained many well-known compounds (all halogenated), but notably also five fluorinated compounds that were not included in the EINECS inventory. This study demonstrates the usability of in silico tools for identification of potentially environmentally hazardous chemicals.     

对蚌埠市发展低碳经济的思考

全球变暖已经是不可争议的事实,给人们的生存和发展提出了严峻的挑战,发展低碳经济具有重大意义,本文总结了蚌埠市经济发展现状,针对制约自身发展的某些方面,给出了建设低碳城市的若干建议。     

基于中国电网结构及一线典型城市车辆出行特征的PHEV二氧化碳排放分析

中国电网火电比例的空间差异与插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）驱动能源的二元性增加了研究PHEV二氧化碳排放的复杂性.使用上海市50辆PHEV汽车13万km的数据,研究了基于PHEV实际运行数据的二氧化碳排放评估方法,分析了PHEV纯电驱动里程比例及其影响因素,获得了纯电续驶里程、充电频率、电网构成对PHEV二氧化碳排放强度的影响,展望了2020年PHEV技术水平的二氧化碳减排效果.结果表明,我国一线城市PHEV乘用车出行主要集中在50 km以内的范围,占日常出行频次的70%;在2016年全国平均电网结构下,续驶里程超过50 km的PHEV比传统燃油车少排放15%以上的二氧化碳;在高比例可再生能源电网结构的地区,PHEV碳排放可降至100.0 g·km^-1以下,相比平均电网结构下碳排放水平降低幅度在28%以上;在2016年平均电网结构及技术水平下,纯电续驶里程增加（50~100 km）、充电频率增加（0.5~2次·d^-1）对碳排放的改善幅度不明显;与2016年相比,2020年PHEV燃油经济性和电耗水平的改善可降低32%的碳排放.