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Urban sprawl is a major issue for sustainable development. It represents a significant contribution to energy consumption of a territory especially due to transportation requirements. However, transport energy consumption is rarely taken into account when the sustainability of suburban structures is studied. In this context, the paper presents a method to estimate transport energy consumption in residential suburban areas. The study aimed, on this basis, at highlighting the most efficient strategies needed to promote awareness and to give practical hints on how to reduce transport energy consumption linked to urban sprawl in existing and future suburban neighborhoods. The method uses data collected by using empirical surveys and GIS. An application of this method is presented concerning the comparison of four suburban districts located in Belgium to demonstrate the advantages of the approach. The influence of several parameters, such as distance to work places and services, use of public transport and performance of the vehicles, are then discussed to allow a range of different development situations to be explored. The results of the case studies highlight that traveled distances, and thus a good mix between activities at the living area scale, are of primordial importance for the energy performance, whereas means of transport used is only of little impact. Improving the performance of the vehicles and favoring home-work give also significant energy savings. The method can be used when planning new areas or retrofitting existing ones, as well as promoting more sustainable lifestyles regarding transport habits. 相似文献
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China’s technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China’s low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the 2004–2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China’s low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first, supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased. However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China’s low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China’s technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas. Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally. 相似文献
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George H. Nieswand Robert M. Hordon Theodore B. Shelton Budd B. Chavooshian Steven Blarr 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(6):959-966
ABSTRACT: Buffer strips are undisturbed, naturally vegetated zones around water supply reservoirs and their tributaries that are a recognized and integral aspect of watershed management. These strips can be very effective in protecting the quality of public potable water supply reservoirs by removing sediment and associated pollutants, reducing bank erosion, and displacing activities from the water's edge that represent potential sources of nonpoint source pollutant generation. As part of a comprehensive watershed management protect for the State of New Jersey, a parameter-based buffer strip model was developed for application to all watersheds above water supply intakes or reservoirs. Input requirements for the model include a combination of slope, width, and time of travel. The application of the model to a watershed in New Jersey with a recommended buffer strip width that ranges from 50 to 300 feet, depending upon a number of assumptions, results in from 6 to 13 percent of the watershed above the reservoir being occupied by the buffer. 相似文献
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高晨宇 《环境与可持续发展》2012,37(5):61-63
在全球变暖的趋势下,人们越来越重视碳排放问题,房地产业作为碳排放大户,履行节能减排、建筑低碳任务应首当其冲,本文从房地产项目的环评及其技术评估角度,论述了中国城市房地产项目建筑低碳化一般采取的措施和具体要求,探讨符合中国国情的城市低碳房地产发展的对策和建议。 相似文献
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九寨沟风景区游客入游距离特征研究 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
九寨沟风景区属于长江支流水系的上游,是长江支流源头区以景观资源(尤其是水景观)及生态旅游资源为特色的典型地区,目前旅游业成为当地及同类地区的旅游重要产业。旅游市场是当地旅游发展基础之一。在实地游客抽样调查及旅游区游客登记统计共涉及约2万人统计资料及数据库处理的基础上较系统地研究了九寨沟入游游客的入游距离特征。对九寨沟不同目标市场游客的入游距离特征进行了统计描述,揭示了游客入游距离与年龄、收入、职业、文化、心理收入、旅游态度相关,而与旅游动机相关性不明显,景观偏好可以反映游客的旅游心理特征,并在一定程度上影响入游距离。同时揭示了入游距离感知的距离衰减特征,印证了心理学感知理论中的韦伯理论在距离感知中的体现。还解释了游客的主观假设替代旅游地的旅游距离与入游距离呈线性相关关系。 相似文献
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基于Kikuji Togawa所提出的常用人员疏散行动时间经验公式,使用拉丁超立方抽样法,研究房间人员密度和出口宽度的不确定性对疏散行动时间的影响。得出二者服从均匀分布和正态分布条件下,疏散行动时间的概率密度直方图和累积概率曲线。结果表明,人员密度和出口宽度的不同分布形式对疏散行动时间都有显著影响,二者服从正态分布时,计算得到的疏散行动时间范围比服从均匀分布小,且较为集中。而服从均匀分布时,计算得到的疏散行动时间在其范围内则较为均匀、分散。在小概率0~0.1区间范围内,人员密度和出口宽度服从正态分布时,计算得到的疏散行动时间累计概率值明显较均匀分布小,说明二者服从正态分布得到的疏散行动时间值偏于保守。二者均为不确定参数时,假定人员密度服从均匀分布,出口宽度服从正态分布时计算得出的疏散行动时间值偏于保守。 相似文献
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