我国境外旅游预警的层次性和侧重性探析

旅游安全预警对降低旅游者风险具有重大意义。笔者结合相关研究和国外旅游发达国家的经验,认为我国境外旅游预警迫切需要划分层级。同时,从旅游主体角度出发,分析和诠释了旅游预警应强调政治和治安预警、健康预警。     

基于低碳出行方式的南京市本地居民景点可达性研究

以南京市为研究区,选取22个3A级及以上旅游景点,基于ArcGIS平台可达性计算的网络分析与栅格分析方法,分析了在步行+共享单车+地铁新型低碳出行方式之下,现阶段和地铁第二期建设完成阶段居民到达旅游景点的最短时间与平均时间以及变化情况,发现二期地铁的建设使旅游景点的平均时间可达性减少了3.96 min;现状地铁下有8个旅游景点可达性较好,14个一般,二期地铁建设完成后,将有16个景点可达性较好,6个一般;老城区内居民前往景区的平均时间可达性内部差异小,栖霞区、江宁区、雨花台区、浦口区内部差异大;有62.87%的区域在二期地铁的建设下可达性变化在5 min之内,可达性变化大的区域基本与二期新增地铁线路经过的区域一致。     

国内外公路旅游客运研究进展

随着旅游业的快速发展,公路旅游客运成为现代最重要的旅客运输方式之一。国内公路旅游客运的研究主要从服务质量、预测、高速公路旅游客运、案例等方面展开,国外公路旅游客运的研究主要从机构和政府管理、旅行时间测量、旅行距离计算等方面展开。通过对比国内外公路旅游客运研究现状,得出了有益的启示。     

舟山普陀旅游金三角游憩价值评估

旅行费用法（Travel Cost Method,TCM）是相对成熟的游憩价值评价方法。运用旅行费用法的两种模型--分区旅行费用法（Zonal Travel Cost Method,ZTCM）和旅行费用区间分析法（Travel Cost Interval Analysis,TCIA）,以2008年为评价基准年份,以实地调研、问卷调查和访谈等获得的数据为基础,对舟山普陀旅游金三角的游憩价值进行了评估。结果表明：（1）ZTCM评估普陀旅游金三角游憩价值为6396×10⁸元/a,其中直接旅行费用为5071×10⁸元/a,消费者剩余为1325×10⁸元/a;（2）TCIA评估普陀旅游金三角游憩价值为6124×10⁸元/a,其中直接旅行费用为5051×10⁸元/a,消费者剩余为1071×10⁸元/a;（3）ZTCM和TCIA结果的差异主要是消费者剩余的差异。研究提出用两种方法结果的均值作为游憩价值能提高评估结果的准确性     

Continued trends in older driver crash involvement rates in the United States: Data through 2017–2018

Introduction: With the growing older adult population due to the aging baby-boom cohort, there was concern that increases in fatal motor-vehicle crashes would follow. Yet, previous analyses showed this to be untrue. The purpose of this study was to examine current trends to determine if previous declines have persisted or risen with the recent increase in fatalities nationwide. Methods: Trends among drivers ages 70 and older were compared with drivers 35–54 for U.S. passenger vehicle fatal crash involvements per 100,000 licensed drivers from 1997 to 2018, fatal and all police-reported crash involvements per vehicle miles traveled using the 1995, 2001, 2009, and 2017 National Household Travel Surveys, and driver deaths per 1,000 crashes. Results: Since the mid-1990s, fatal crashes per licensed driver trended downward, with greater declines for drivers ages 70 and older than for middle-aged drivers (43% vs. 21%). Fatal crash rates per 100,000 licensed drivers and police-reported crash rates per mile traveled for drivers ages 70–79 are now less than those for drivers ages 35–54, but their fatal crash rates per mile traveled and risk of dying in a crash remain higher as they drive fewer miles. As the economy improved over the past decade, fatal crash rates increased substantially for middle-aged drivers but decreased or remained stable among older driver age groups. Conclusions: Fatal crash involvements for adults ages 70 and older has recently increased, but they remain down from their 1997 peak, even as the number of licensed older drivers and the miles they drive have increased. Health improvements likely contributed to long-term reductions in fatal crash rates. As older drivers adopt vehicles with improved crashworthiness and safety features, crash survivability will improve. Practical Application: Older adults should feel confident that their independent mobility needs pose less risk than previously expected.     

A demonstration of how virtual meetings can enhance sustainability in a corporate context

Video conferencing (VC) offers benefits to businesses and organizations. A three‐month trial was undertaken across a telecommunications company in Australia to evaluate the use of VC benefits monitoring software to capture data and calculate utilization and business travel savings from air and car travel for individual VC end points across the company. The results from the trial were used by the finance and administration department of the company to promote VC usage and, at the same time, to introduce a nonessential air travel ban, which led to annualized cost savings of up to 40% on business as usual.     

节俭还是低碳——我国语境下居民低碳行为探讨

为了解低碳在我国居民中的推广程度,通过问卷法对南京市某社区居民进行实地调查。结果发现:大部分居民由于受节俭文化的影响往往将低碳当作节俭进行理解,表现在行为上就是节俭行为与低碳行为混杂。但从社会文化角度分析,节俭与低碳并不等同,两者既有区别又有联系。因此,在我国语境下推行低碳既要注意到节俭与低碳的区别,又要充分挖掘节俭文化中蕴含的低碳内容,促进低碳社会的构建。     

基于中国电网结构及一线典型城市车辆出行特征的PHEV二氧化碳排放分析

中国电网火电比例的空间差异与插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）驱动能源的二元性增加了研究PHEV二氧化碳排放的复杂性.使用上海市50辆PHEV汽车13万km的数据,研究了基于PHEV实际运行数据的二氧化碳排放评估方法,分析了PHEV纯电驱动里程比例及其影响因素,获得了纯电续驶里程、充电频率、电网构成对PHEV二氧化碳排放强度的影响,展望了2020年PHEV技术水平的二氧化碳减排效果.结果表明,我国一线城市PHEV乘用车出行主要集中在50 km以内的范围,占日常出行频次的70%;在2016年全国平均电网结构下,续驶里程超过50 km的PHEV比传统燃油车少排放15%以上的二氧化碳;在高比例可再生能源电网结构的地区,PHEV碳排放可降至100.0 g·km^-1以下,相比平均电网结构下碳排放水平降低幅度在28%以上;在2016年平均电网结构及技术水平下,纯电续驶里程增加（50~100 km）、充电频率增加（0.5~2次·d^-1）对碳排放的改善幅度不明显;与2016年相比,2020年PHEV燃油经济性和电耗水平的改善可降低32%的碳排放.     

森林旅游业的投资与回收渠道分析

森林旅游业是二十一世纪的朝阳产业，我国森林旅游业发展较晚，但近几十年来发展迅猛，森林旅游业的开发有利于改善林业的产业结构，推动林业第三产业的发展．资金投入与回收是林业行业发展森林旅游业的关键问题，是制约森林旅游业发展的主要因素，解决资金问题是发展森林旅游业的保障所在．