城市生活垃圾生命周期管理

生命周期评价是一种全面的环境管理工具,具有潜在的发展前景。０它通过对产品,产品系统,工艺活动整个生命周期的环境影响环境改善的机会进行评价。根据国际环境毒理与化学学会１９９３年和ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系中关于生命周期评价的技术框架,本文应生命周期评价在城市生产垃圾管理系统中的作用及管理系统的清单分析,影响评价和改善评价进行研究。     

坡地赤红壤物理退化及其机理研究──Ⅲ.土壤物理退化机理分析

主要通过相关统计和综合分析,探讨坡地赤红壤物理退化的内部和外部环境的影响因素．指出养分贫瘠化,尤其是贫有机质化是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的主要内部原因,植被破坏则是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的外部因素、而人类活动的影响对坡地赤红壤的物理退化有重要作用。     

闭环电控三元催化技术对化油器型车辆排放的控制

针对城市汽车尾气治理及化油器型车辆的排放现状 ,指出开发和运用闭环电控三元催化技术是目前解决城市化油器型车辆排放问题及时可行的过渡措施 ,并对电控三元催化技术的应用提出了建议与要求。     

微波萃取技术在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用

介绍了微波萃取技术及其使用的试剂、设备和条件,对微波萃取在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用予以综述,阐述了微波萃取技术是分析土壤中有机污染物的好方法。     

A miniature stainless steel net dumbbell-shaped stir-bar for the extraction of phthalate esters in instant noodle and rice soup samples

Abstract

This work reports the development of a very-simple-to-construct stir-bar extraction device so called “a dumbbell-shaped stainless steel stir-bar.” The extraction device was assembled from a rolled up stainless steel net filled with an XAD-2 sorbent and a metal rod to allow the use of a magnetic stirrer during extraction. The dumbbell-shaped stainless steel stir-bar was used to extract diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) before analysis by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GD-ECD). Under the optimal conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity from 10.0 to 1,000.0?ng mL^?1 for all three compounds. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were 9.37?±?0.29?ng mL^?1 and 31.22?±?0.95?ng mL^?1 for DEP, 5.73?±?0.31?ng mL^?1 and 19.1?±?1.0?ng mL^?1 for DBP and 3.30?±?0.06?ng mL^?1 and 11.0?±?0.19?ng mL^?1 for DEHP, respectively. Good recoveries in the range of 81.89?±?0.17 to 109.5?±?2.0% were achieved when the method was used to extract phthalate esters in five instant noodle and two rice soup samples.     

Performance of a large-scale greenhouse solar dryer integrated with phase change material thermal storage system for drying of chili

ABSTRACT

Large-scale greenhouse solar dryers have been used for drying various products and this type of dryer is usually equipped with LPG burner as auxiliary heater, which creates more operating cost. To overcome this problem, phase change material (PCM) thermal storage was proposed to substitute for the LPG burner. In this work, the performance of a large-scale greenhouse solar dryer integrated with a PCM as a latent heat storage for drying of chili was investigated. Experimental studies were conducted to compare the performance of this dryer with that of another large-scale greenhouse solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage and open sun drying. Chili with an initial moisture content of 74.7% (w.b.) was dried to a final moisture content of 10.0% (w.b.) in 2.5 days, 3.5 days, and 11 days using the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage, the solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage and the open sun drying, respectively. The performance of the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage was also evaluated using exergy analysis. The exergy efficiency of the drying room of the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage and the solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage for drying of chili was found to be 13.1% and 11.4%, respectively and the thermal storage helps to dry chili during adverse weather conditions. The results of exergy analysis implied that the exergy losses from the dryer with the PCM should be reduced.     

金黄色葡萄球菌的演相培养及A蛋白的提取

对金黄色葡萄球菌（Ｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓａｕｒｅｕｓ）ＣｏｗａｎⅠ的培养及Ａ蛋白提取工艺进行了优化研究．结果表明：在培养基中分别增加牛肉膏和蛋白陈的含量，有利于提高菌体生物量及Ａ蛋白的得率；少量酵母浸膏及葡萄糖对生物量及Ａ蛋白得率有促进作用，但当达到一定浓度时则会产生基质抑制作用；恒定培养过程的ｐＨ值有利于Ａ蛋白得率的增加，０．０３（）／ｍｉｎ通气量、搅拌速度２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ是能满足菌体生长的条件．根据Ａ蛋白耐热性强这一特性，采用加热法除去大部分杂质，然后用ＩｇＧ－琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析实现了Ａ蛋白的提纯．     

活性污泥中需氧量的研究现状及供氧系统的节能技术

叙述了国内外活性污泥法中需氧量的研究过程及微孔曝气系统的节能技术，对微孔曝气器与穿孔曝管进行对比，证实前者较后者节电４４％．     

Variation in some chemical parameters and organic matter in soils regenerated by the addition of municipal solid waste

The organic fraction of a municipal solid waste was added in different doses to an eroded soil formed of loam and with no vegetal cover. After three years, the changes in macronutrient content and the chemical-structural composition of its organic matter were studied. The addition of the organic fraction from a municipal solid waste had a positive effect on soil regeneration, the treated soils being covered with spontaneous vegetation from 1 yr onwards. An increase in electrical conductivity and a fall in pH were noted in the treated soils as were increases in macronutrients, particularly N and available P and the different carbon fractions. Optical density measurements of the organic matter extracted with sodium pyrophosphate showed that the treated soils contained an organic matter with less condensed compounds and with a greater tendency to evolve than the control. A pyrolysis-gas chromatography study of the organic matter extracted with pyrophosphate showed large quantities of benzene both in the treated soils and control; pyrrole was also relatively abundant, although this fragment decreased as the dose rose. Xylenes and pyridine were present in greater quantities in the control and furfural in the treated soils. Three years after addition to the soil, the organic matter had a higher proportion of fragments derived from aromatic compounds and a smaller proportion derived from hydrocarbons. Similarity indices showed that, although the added and newly formed organic matter 3 yr after addition continued to differ from that of the original soil and to be more mineralizable, the transformations it has undergone made it more similar to the original organic matter of the soil than it was at the moment of being added.     

固体可燃物易点燃性标准的探讨

可燃性固体的引燃和熄灭与辐射到其表面的临界热能量和产生挥发分所必需的表面温度有关。探讨固体可燃物易点燃性标准,燃怀标准,对防火和灭火在理论上有一定的指导意义。本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了一种用固体挥发分的临界质量通量量化解释引燃和熄灭条件的方法,给出了易点燃性的标准。