Determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after molecularly imprinted polymer extraction

A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C₁₇-C₃₂ n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM_2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons.     

Schizencephaly: Prenatal diagnosis by computed sonography and magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed at 29 weeks of pregnancy after ultrasonographic detection of an abnormal cleft in the fetal brain. Fetal neuromuscular blockade was induced by pancuronium bromide injected into the umbilical vein under continuous ultrasound (US) guidance. MR images supported the echotomographic diagnosis of schizencephaly improving the visualization of symmetrical broad clefts connecting the lateral ventricles with the subarachnoid space. Schizencephaly was finally confirmed by neonatal US, computed tomography, and MR.     

铜在沉积物各相中分配的实验模拟与数值模拟研究——以鄱阳湖为例

实测表明,在鄱阳湖沉积物各地球化学相中,铜主要赋存于有机相和水合铁锰氧化物相中。沉积物中各地球化学相的含量是金属离子在沉积物中分布的控制因子之一。 本研究通过模拟沉积物对Cu~(2+)的吸附实验求得了一定条件(pH、T℃)下模拟沉积物各相的条件平衡常数,并应用S.M.Oakley、Davies-Colley等所提出的经简化的分配模型,预测了铜在沉积物各地球化学相中的分配,所得结果与实测结果吻合。     

Chemical forms of cobalt and nickel extracted by M1, M3 and CaCl2 DTPA

Mehlich 1(M1), mehlich 3(M3) and CaCl₂ DTPA have been used to predict the available micronutrient in soil. However, the forms of micronutrient extractable by these extractants are not known. In the present study, ten soils, collected from five provinces and the capital of China, representing a wide range of chemical and physical properties, were analyzed by sequential extraction to isolate five forms of cobalt and nickel, they are exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe Mn oxide bound, organically bound and residual forms. The chemical forms extracted by M1, M3 and CaCl₂ DTPA were also investigated. The results show strong correlation between the carbonate bound or organically bound forms of Co or Ni and the amounts of extractable by any of the above three extractants. The main forms extracted by these extractants are carbonate and organically bound forms. The ranking of these three extractants for extraction of Co and Ni are M1>M3=CaCl₂ DTPA and M1=M3>CaCl₂ DTPA, respectively.     

武汉市城市垃圾处理现状调查及展望

通过对近几年来武汉市城区生活垃圾的调查以及成分的分析,认为武汉市的生活垃圾以卫生填埋为主,有效控制填埋气体及渗滤液,并提出了城市垃圾的治理对策。     

城市生活垃圾综合处理研究

简述城市生活垃圾单一处理方法中存在的不足与局限 ,指出综合处理作为一种先进的处理技术 ,是实现垃圾资源化处理的关键 ,并达到垃圾处理的减量化、无害化目的 ,而分选技术是垃圾综合处理的关键技术。就如何实现垃圾的综合处理提出了相应对策。     

洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相及其污染历史研究

高原封闭、半封闭型湖泊是气候和环境演化的敏感指示器，其沉积物记录具有连续性、敏感性和高分辨率的特点。高原湖泊沉积记录在恢复和重塑各种短时间尺度（千年、百年、十年）的气候和环境演化序列上，具有其它自然历史记录无法替代的优势，尤其在揭示近代环境污染历史方面更有其独到之处。本文通过对洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相的研究，利用因子分析方法，识别了沉积物重金属的主要来源和影响其分布的主要因素，即：流域侵蚀作用、大气沉降作用、工业废水与生活污水的排放，以及早期成岩作用。同时，结合沉积物柱芯210PBex计年结果，本文初步评价了洱海150多年来的重金属污染历史：1958年以来．因为化石燃料使用量的增加．洱海湖区大气污染日趋严重；1982年后，由于西洱河水电站的建成运行和湖区植被的破坏，流域侵蚀作用显著加强，应当引起重视。     

昆明市工业固体废弃物污染特征与控制对策研究

通过对昆明市工业固体废弃物排放与处理处置现状调查,深入系统地分析了昆明市工业固体废弃物产生量、构成、来源、综合利用率和处置率等污染特征,并对工业固废的增长趋势进行了预测。从立法、执法、管理等方面提出了相应的控制对策和建议。     

点评城市生活垃圾处置

城市生活垃圾处置技术是减量化、资原化和无害化3结合的最优系统集成，单一的垃圾处置则存在诸多弊病。建设现代化城市必须革新理念，改革简单处置城市生活垃圾的单一化思想，以国家有关政策法规为指导，采用国际先进技术，推进城市生活垃圾处置事业的国际化。     

安宁市城市垃圾污染防治对策研究

随着人口增加，生活水平提高和城市燃料气化率提高，未来安宁市的城市垃圾成份将有较大改变，产量也会有很大增加。其处理规划应从基础设计建设，配套管理措施制定和法规建设入手，分近、中（远）两期实施。