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901.
902.
城市垃圾好氧堆肥处理的几个关键问题 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
介绍了城市垃圾好氧堆肥过程的几个关键问题,分析了堆肥过程中的微生物特性,提出以耗氧速率、C/N作为堆肥腐熟度综合判定指标。并简单介绍了国外应用较多的温度、氧浓度自动控制系统。 相似文献
903.
固相萃取结合GC和GC—MS快速测定血浆中局麻药 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文用本实验室发展起来的X-5大孔高分子树脂固相萃取预处理技术,结合毛细管气相色谱和GC-MS,建立了人血浆中12种局部麻醉药的筛选方法。该方法快速简便,其灵敏度和线性范围满足临床急性中毒分析的要求。 相似文献
904.
用SPE法萃取,GC/NPD检测全血中氯氮平药物 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文报道了用固相萃取技术(SPE)富集分离全血中的氯氮平药物,采用气相色谱氮磷检测器(GC/NPD)分析方法凤SKF525A为内标物,在1ml全血中加入2.0μg药物,回收率为90.0%,RSD为7.95%,血中最低检出浓度为58ng.ml^-1,该方法具有简单、快速、准确、1灵敏的优点。 相似文献
905.
Moreno Rodriguez MJ Cala Rivero V Jiménez Ballesta R 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2005,27(5-6):513-519
Selenium was determined from 25 topsoils and 25 plants in the semi-arid Central Spain where large extents of soils are developed
on evaporitic materials. Some species of vegetation associated with them are of the genera Astragalus, Salsola, Mercurialis, Phlomis, Thymus and Atriplex. Total selenium in soils was determined and its bioavailability assessed by chemical sequential fractionation. Se content
in soils was adequate (in the range 0.17–0.39 mg kg−1) or large (in the range 0.50–4.38 mg kg−1) and appeared in highly and/or potentially available forms. Several plant species showed high Se levels (in the range 5–14.3 mg kg−1), which can be a potential risk of toxicity to animals. Data obtained from the study area can be used as a guide to the range
of values in soils and plants of the European Mediterranean area that are relatively unpolluted from industrial sources, allowing
comparison with more polluted areas. 相似文献
906.
以连续提取法研究了我国南方主要酸性土壤铝的形态及其分布特点,探讨了不同铝形态之间的关系及其与母质、成土过程、环境条件的联系。还研究了土壤酸化对铝形态转化的影响.并以连续提取法提取的三种铝形态(交换性铝、活性羟基铝,有机络合态铝)来讨论现今常用的Al。(Tamm溶液提取)和Ald(DCB溶液提取)所可能包含的实际土壤铝形态,分析表明,Al0和Ald无明确的形态意义,只是上种由操作定义的多形态组成的混合物。 相似文献
907.
环境样品前处理技术及其进展(二) 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
在前文中讨论了环境样品的制备、前处理的概况,以及超临界流体萃取法。本文将继续报导近年来环境样品制备与前处理领域中其他一些新技术和新方法,包括固相萃取(SPE)、微波溶出(MWD)和液膜萃取(SLM)法,阐述了这些方法的基本原理、操作过程、各种实验参数的影响,及其在环境样品制备与前处理中的应用,并探讨了该领域的发展动向。 相似文献
908.
An area where a free-product accumulation of trichloroethylene (TCE) dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) occurs at the bottom of a 10-m-thick surficial sand aquifer was studied to determine the integrity of the underlying, 20-m-thick, clayey silt aquitard formed of glaciolacustrine sediment. TCE concentration-versus-depth profiles determined from aquitard cores collected at five locations indicated penetration of detectable TCE 2.5 to 3.0 m into the aquitard. Two of the profiles show persistent DNAPL at the aquitard interface, while two others indicate that DNAPL, present initially, was completely dissolved away producing concentration declines at the aquitard interface. The fifth profile suggests shallow DNAPL penetration (<0.5 m) into the aquitard, however, this penetration, which was likely caused by cross-contamination during core collection or cone penetrometry (CPT) of the aquitard interface, did not increase the maximum depth of TCE penetration. Combining the field profiles with one-dimensional model simulations, downward migration of the aqueous TCE front, defined as the EPA MCL of 5 microg/l, which was below the analytical detection limit, was projected to a distance between 4 and 5 m below the top of the aquitard. Using a single set of estimated aquitard parameter values, simulations of aqueous TCE migration into the aquitard provided a good fit to four of the field profiles with a migration time of 35 to 45 years, consistent with the history of TCE use at the site. These simulations indicate aqueous TCE migration is diffusion-dominated with only small advective influence by the downward groundwater velocity of 2 to 3 cm/year or less in the aquitard due to pumping of the underlying aquifer to supply water to the facility in the past 50 years. The applicability of the parameter values was confirmed by in situ diffusion experiments of 1-year duration, in which stainless steel cylinders containing DNAPL were inserted into the aquitard. The diffusion-dominated nature of the profiles indicates that the aquitard provides long-term protection of the underlying aquifer from contamination from this DNAPL zone. Simulations of long-term migration of the TCE solute front indicate breakthrough to the lower aquifer at 1200 years for the no advection scenario and at 500 years if the strong downward hydraulic gradient persists. However, even after breakthrough, the mass flux through the aquitard to the underlying aquifer remains relatively low, and when considered in terms of potential impacts to pumping wells, concentrations are not expected to increase significantly above present-day MCLs. The use of contaminant profiles of different time and distance scales, in addition to hydraulic data, dramatically improves the ability to assess aquitard integrity, and provides improved transport parameter values for estimating contaminant arrival times and fluxes. The apparent lack of deep preferential pathways for TCE migration, such as open fractures, is probably due to the softness of the silty aquitard deposit and minimal physical or chemical weathering of the aquitard provides long-term protection of the underlying aquifer from contamination from this DNAPL zone. Simulations of long-term migration of the TCE solute front indicate breakthrough to the lower aquifer at 1200 years for the no advection scenario and at 500 years if the strong downward hydraulic gradient persists. However, even after the breakthrough, the mass flux through the aquitard to the underlying aquifer remains relatively low, and when considered in terms of potential impacts to pumping wells , concentrations are not expected to increase significantly above present-day MCLs. The use of contaminant profiles of different time and distance scales, in addition to hydraulic data, dramatically improves the ability to assess aquitard integrity, and provides improved transport parameter values for estimating contaminant arrival times and fluxes. The apparent lack of deep preferential pathways for TCE migration, such as open fractures, is probably due to the softness of the silty aquitard deposit and minimal physical or chemical weathering of the aquitard. 相似文献
909.
我国城市生活垃圾,作为废弃物,在环境中已成为公害,加上废弃物中的有机物发酵分解,向大气扩散恶臭,排出甲烷等温室气体,因此,有必要调查、考察我国主要典型城市垃圾填埋场及处理厂等的概况,了解、掌握对来自生活垃圾中甲烷的排放量,尤为重要。通过对典型城市(46个主要城市)生活垃圾清运量的统计、调研,及其垃圾中有机物种类和排放系数的初步确定,结合城市的人口数,初步确定按人口分担的排放量。本报告通过对46个主要城市生活垃圾清运量及甲烷的排放量统计、调研,为今后进一步研究来自废弃物的甲烷排放,进行了初步的探索性研究;同时,为非工业源甲烷排放量进行了预测与评估,获得了初步的结果。 相似文献
910.