炉渣在锅炉湿法除尘废水处理中的应用

利用燃煤炉渣直接过滤处理锅炉湿法除尘废水 ,可以提高出水水质 ,对废水中 SS、CODcr和HSO4- 有显著去除效果 ,出水可以满足循环回用要求     

城市生活垃圾填埋场甲烷气资源的产量估算及其利用

本文论述了填埋场甲烷气体的产生过程及影响因素，介绍了三种产气量估算方法及其主要特点、适用范围，并指出运用数学模型对产气量作出预测，为垃圾填埋场气体收集与处理系统的设计提供可靠的依据。同时，论述了甲烷气体的减排和综合利用措施。     

超临界水气化处理对脱水污泥中重金属环境风险的影响

为探究超临界水气化前后脱水污泥中重金属的变化及生态风险,从重金属(Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr)的含量、化学形态分布及浸出毒性等多方面出发,利用地层累积指数(Igeo)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)和风险评估指数法(RAC)对江苏地区10种不同种脱水污泥超临界水气化前后重金属的环境生态风险进行综合评价.结果表明:不同污水厂脱水污泥经超临界水气化处理后,绝大部分污泥中重金属浸出毒性和生物可利用组分重金属含量明显降低,即处理后重金属的直接环境风险大大降低.不同重金属含量的脱水污泥经超临界水气化处理后,重金属环境污染程度及潜在生态风险程度显著降低,环境风险值被降至相对安全水平,对环境表现出低风险或无风险.p H值在一定程度上影响处理后污泥中重金属的环境风险.超临界处理时,污泥的p H呈现酸性时会引起反应釜腐蚀,从而导致固相残渣中Ni、Cr的生物可利用组分含量增加,当p H呈现碱性时则更利于重金属以稳定形态富集到固相产物中.     

压力对填埋垃圾产甲烷的影响研究

压实作用被认为是影响填埋垃圾降解过程的一个重要因素,实验通过自制的压缩降解模拟填埋反应器装置,研究了阶梯增加式压力21k Pa→42 k Pa→84 k Pa(分别在垃圾填埋后的第75、103和131 d时施加)对填埋垃圾产甲烷这一资源化重要阶段的影响,包括产气特性、渗滤液性质及固体沉降等的变化.21 k Pa和42 k Pa分别恒定了4周,垃圾最后在84 k Pa恒定压力下降解,实验总共持续了170 d.结果表明,在初始21k Pa的压力作用下,由于接种物跟垃圾接触面积的增大,甲烷日产量从第75 d的1.85 L·d-1增加到了第76 d的2.95 L·d-1,产甲烷速率提高了59.82%,42 k Pa和84 k Pa时均有所增加,但增加程度均不明显.压力还使砾石层上部积留了一定水位高度的渗滤液,渗滤液的COD和含氮量在压力作用下都有了暂时的升高.压实作用还令垃圾体产生了较大的沉降,但压力进一步增大并没有使垃圾继续发生较多的沉降.实验结果有助于更好地了解压力对填埋垃圾降解过程的影响.     

Development and physicochemical characterization of a new magnetic nanocomposite as an economic antibiotic remover

Maghemite (ϒ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles were impregnated to nanoporous carbon obtained from tomato waste (TWNC). The prepared magnetic composite (MTWNC) was characterized and used to remove tetracycline (TC) from water and then easily be separated from the medium by a magnetic technique. The morphologies and surface chemistries of both magnetic and non-magnetic nanoporous carbons were studied by FTIR, XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, VSM, BET surface area, proximate and elemental analysis determinations. Batch adsorption studies were carried out and the effects of pH, initial TC concentration, adsorbent dose, ionic strength and temperature were investigated. The adsorption kinetics of TC on MTWNC could be expressed well by the pseudo-second order model, and sorption isotherms were described by Langmuir equation with maximum adsorption capacity of 60.60 mg/g at pH 4 and 50 °C. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of TC onto MTWNC was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the recyclability of the adsorbent was tested with 0.01 M NaOH solution, and the results show that the synthesized composite adsorbent could be employed repeatedly in wastewater treatment.     

Anaerobic digestion modeling of the main components of organic fraction of municipal solid waste

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is composed of several heterogeneous organic and inorganic wastes. The diversity of composition, the high volatile solid content and the biodegradable material that this waste offers make it quite an interesting option for anaerobic digestion (AD). Depending on the substrate composition, the biological degradation and kinetics of the AD could vary. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests are used as a tool to evaluate the methane production of several fractions of OFMSW, in order to study the influence of each fraction in the final mixture. The kinetic parameters of methane curves and the prediction of final productions are studied by different approaches to model equations using linear, exponential, logistic and Gaussian models. The analyses of the fractions indicate that organic substrates such as meat/fish which are in a small proportion in the final mixture, obtain major productivities (291 ± 3 mlCH₄/gVS), however others such as paper (217 ± 5 mlCH₄/gVS) could have their productivity enhanced due to their high VS present in the final mixture. Both the Gomperzt and the first order model fit reasonably with all the fractions, although substrates with lag phase adjust only to the Gompertz model explaining 99% of the experimental results.     

关于固体废弃物处理技术研究

固体废弃物即是在生产与生活的过程中所产生的固态或者半固态物质,一般来说包括了工业垃圾、生活垃圾以及危险废弃物等。固体废弃物如果不能够进行及时有效的处理,则很容易对环境产生影响,其对于生态环境的影响一般是间接性的、潜在的以及长期性的综合影响。现结合笔者实际研究,分析了常见固体废弃物的分类,并就当前我国的固体废物处理技术进行了论述。     

关于固体废物管理中的认识误区

本文对固体废物管理中存在的诸如固体废物形态、利用价值、范围、副产物等认识误区进行了分析,提出了一些新的认识观点,为固体废物的调查、认定、统计、管理、预测、处置设施建设等提供参考。研究表明,固体废物管理中的认识误区为固体废物管理带来了困惑,本文在总结分析的基础上指出了四个常见的认识误区,并提出固体废物不仅仅是固态废物,也不仅仅是固体废物定义中所包含的物质,利用价值与物品是否属于固体废物没有直接的关系,副产物属于固体废物,只有充分减少固体废物管理中的认识误区,才能更好地对固体废物进行分类、认定和统计,才能科学合理地制定固体废物管理对策、法律法规和处理处置规划。     

Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

Effects of introducing energy recovery processes to the municipal solid waste management system in Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia

Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systems with a view of recovering energy from waste or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we have studied the possible effects of introducing three energy recovery processes either as a single or combination approach, refuse derived fuel production,incineration and waste power generation, and methane gas recovery from landfill and power generation in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, as a case study. We concluded that incineration process is the most suitable as first introduction of energy recovery. To operate it efficiently,3Rs strategies need to be promoted. And then, RDF production which is made of waste papers and plastics in high level of sorting may be considered as the second step of energy recovery.However, safety control and marketability of RDF will be required at that moment.