有机微污染水磁混凝处理试验研究

实验以取自浙江湖州有机微污染水作为研究对象,研究了PAC,PFS,PAFC,KAl(SO4)2及FeCl3等常用混凝剂对该有机微污染水的CODMn的去除效果,结果表明PAC为处理该有机微污染水的最佳混凝剂,最佳投加量为30 mg/L。同时还研究了加载磁粉对有机微污染水混凝处理效果的影响,结果表明加载磁粉粒径为45μm,投加量为30 mg/L时,同一原水的CODMn去除率从常规混凝的39.3%提高到45.6%,且加载磁粉后大大缩短了混凝沉淀时间,符合微污染水源的应急处理要求,最佳投放顺序为：“磁粉+PAC+PAM”。     

液相色谱质谱法测定水体及土壤中的类固醇激素

建立了水体和土壤中类固醇激素的液相色谱质谱分析方法。水样采用固相萃取方法富集,土壤样经加速溶剂萃取后由固相萃取净化和富集。处理好的样品经丹磺酰衍生化后上仪器分析。结果表明,类固醇激素在水体和土壤中的检出限分别为0.01~0.6ng/L和0.01~0.19ng/g,回收率分别为77%~97%和62%~119%,RSD小于6.04%和15.5%。该方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于环境水体及土壤中类固醇激素残留的分析。     

准好氧生物反应器填埋系统的渗滤液变化特性研究

针对传统卫生填埋过程中存在的不足,开展了准好氧生物反应器填埋场的室内模拟试验,以导气管管径为参照变量,设计两组准好氧生物反应器填埋场并对其进行连续监测。研究表明:在填埋处理的300 d内,垃圾沉降比例接近40%,固相垃圾的有机质含量可降至24%,渗滤液的COD、BOD5、TOC、氨氮与总氮等污染物指标可得到高效去除,分别降至3 643,73,1 284,67,109 mg/L,VFA物质可降至20 mmol/L,B/C降至0.02~0.03,渗滤液的可生化性大大降低,填埋垃圾减量化、无害化、稳定化效果显著。     

Sequential extraction of Cs and Sr from Ain Oussera soils around Es-Salam research reactor facility

Four types of undisturbed soil in Ain Oussera region around the Es-Salam reactor facility, located in the south of Algiers, Algeria, at about 200 km, were artificially contaminated for one year with stable CsCl and SrCl₂ in order to simulate an accidental release of these elements. This study was performed using sequential extraction procedure based on Shultz method and containing six fractions. The selectivity of the extraction protocol was confirmed by analyzing some elements (Ca, C, Fe, Mn, Si and Al) designed as indicators of the targeted phases. The obtained results showed an acceptable reproducibility, in view of the coefficients of variation that were in most cases less than 15%. The results revealed a clear proportional correlation between the extracted Cs and Sr in fractions for each soil and some of soils physicochemical properties. Organic matter appears to play an important role in the soil retention, particularly for Cs where the extracted percentage exceeds to 30% in whole soils. In contrast, strontium expresses a remarkable affinity for the fraction bound to carbonates. The obtained data also indicate that the availability of Cs in the four soils is less important compared to Sr availability. This is illustrated by the higher value of extracted Sr in the easily extractible phase, including the water-soluble and the exchangeable fraction.     

Effects of introducing energy recovery processes to the municipal solid waste management system in Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia

Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systems with a view of recovering energy from waste or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we have studied the possible effects of introducing three energy recovery processes either as a single or combination approach, refuse derived fuel production, incineration and waste power generation, and methane gas recovery from landfill and power generation in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, as a case study. We concluded that incineration process is the most suitable as first introduction of energy recovery. To operate it efficiently, 3Rs strategies need to be promoted. And then, RDF production which is made of waste papers and plastics in high level of sorting may be considered as the second step of energy recovery. However, safety control and marketability of RDF will be required at that moment.     

某含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别研究

以一批含铁物料为例,采用化学分析方法、X射线荧光光谱及X射线衍射等分析方法,结合样品物理、化学等特性,对该物品的属性进行鉴别研究.     

沧东断裂带兴济1井水位动态特征及其映震能力研究

整理和分析兴济1井的静水位观测以来的水位和气压观测资料,发现该井水位线性下降趋势明显,存在峰谷形式的年变周期,滑动速度分析显示出一定的异常信息;数据散点图显示水位观测结果受固体潮影响大,滑动分析显示固体潮规律畸变时可能存在前兆信息;主要的异常前兆表现形式为水位的下降方向脉冲,可能与井址附近区域或者井址北东方向的天津和唐山老震区相关断裂带上的地震活动有关.     

中国废弃物处理处置社会监督体系模式现状及存在问题研究

废弃物不妥善处理处置是环境污染的主要部分,但废弃物治理的社会监督尚处于起步阶段,相关政策法规并不完善甚至缺位,同时国内也缺少相应的经验可供借鉴。现阶段,公众环境权意识逐渐萌发,对环境保护工作提出更高要求,社会监督作为环境监管的重要组成单元,其发展水平和公众权益意识在一定程度上代表着国家环境保护工作的长足进步。通过实地调研和资料查阅相结合的方式,重点对目前中国社会监督体系的现状、途径、体系构成、存在问题进行系统梳理,并有针对性地提出建设性意见。     

超声波萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定土壤和底质中的25种有机氯农药研究

建立了超声波萃取、Florisil柱净化,SPB-5毛细管柱分离,ECD检测器测定土壤和底质中25种有机氯农药的方法.该方法的检出限为0.079 μg/kg ～1.2 μg/kg,加标回收率为73.1％ ～ 126.5％,相对标准偏差为3.3％ ～9.7％.实验结果证明,该方法灵敏度高、精密度高,操作快速简便,满足土壤和底质中有机氯农药的测定要求.     

滤膜法测定悬浮物出现负误差原因研究

为了对滤膜法测定水中悬浮物出现负误差的情况进行研究,从滤膜的前处理到滤膜的选择进行了一系列实验,发现主要原因是滤膜在实验的过程中产生失重。对几种微孔滤膜进行了空白实验,得出有机滤膜的空白校正值为0.0000～0.0004g,低于或等于悬浮物的称量误差,此类滤膜用于水中悬浮物的测定,能减少恒重次数,缩短实验时间,提高测定结果的科学性和准确性。