浅谈洪泽湖的水环境管理

通过对洪泽湖水环境质量和主要污染物污染负荷的分析表明,目前湖体的水质处于３类～４类水状态,主要污染物的污染负荷ＴＮ、ＴＰ位居前两位,分别占３０．９％和２９．０％,湖泊是典型的经发展状态。指出,控制ＴＮ、ＴＰ的输入量,防止湖泊富营养化,利用水利设施,优化闸坝运行机制,衽总量控制,做好汇水范围内的协调工作,忙开通淮河入少 洪泽湖水环境管理的重要内容。     

广东省城市环境空气质量时空特征及经济影响因素分析

选取2014—2018年广东省21个城市的空气质量指数(AQI)以及PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO2、O3、SO2的浓度数据,利用重心模型和空间自相关模型,对广东省的空气质量和各污染物的浓度水平进行时空特征分析,同时,利用空间计量分析模型分析社会经济特征变量对环境空气质量空间特征的影响.结果表明:2014—2018年...     

流域重点工业污染源识别特征成分谱建立技术

研究了基于生产排放全过程、多相、多类污染物并举的污染源识别特征成分谱建立技术。首先建立污染源排放完整图谱,包括原辅料、中间物质、产品、各工艺废水污染物、水处理设施进口和出口污染物等。然后从排放完整图谱中解析出特征污染物。对于废水中的常规污染物和金属污染物,采用与受纳水体浓度相比较的方式得到污染源识别特征污染物,建议将浓度超过受纳水体1倍的污染物定为特征污染物。对于有机污染物,将质量分数之和大于90%的污染物集定为特征有机污染物,并按照有机物类别进行分类。最后开发建立动态的水污染源排放数据库。应用该技术建立了石化行业典型企业的排放特征成分谱,发现这些特征组分具有很好的代表性,为水污染源的识别提供了基础数据。     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

通过对骆马湖2005年水质监测,并结合近几年的监测资料,对结果进行了分析。结果表明,氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染指标之一,主要是总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮污染,其主要污染特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。针对实际提出了骆马湖整治的建议。     

Characteristics of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in generic urban, roadside and industrial plant areas of Guangzhou City, China

Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.     

合流制排水系统雨天溢流污染CMB法源解析

对上海市某合流制排水系统服务范围内的地表径流、旱流污水和管道沉积物的污染物特性进行检测分析,通过对比不同污染源的污染特征,确定Zn、NH+4-N、P的含量分别在地表径流、旱流污水和管道沉积物中具有特异性且相对稳定,提出以Zn/P、NH+4-N/Zn、P/K这3个无量纲比值作为上述3个排放源各自的特征参数,据此探讨了CMB法在合流制雨天溢流污染源解析中的应用,结果表明,地表径流、旱流污水和管道沉积物对溢流污染的平均贡献率分别为42.8%、12.2%、23.8%,解析结果可基本反映CSO污染的构成情况.研究方法与结果为合流制系统雨天溢流污染源解析提供了参考.     

Policing and polluting: The role of practices in contemporary urban environmental pollution governance

Over the past 30 years, urban environmental pollution governance has been increasingly influenced by ideas of New Public Management. However, there is increasing evidence that it is failing in its promise to deliver efficient and effective regulation. The critiques are mounting of risk-based approaches, where regulators are increasingly accountable for the costs (and benefits) of their interventions upon firms.There is a particular lack of research on the role of conduct and practices involved on the ‘front line’ of regulation. This constrains our ability to understand how more efficient effective urban environmental pollution control might develop. This paper focuses on the regulator field officers and business duty holders of environmental compliance, who have direct contact in the processes and administration of regulation. Applying theories of social practice to environmental regulation, the paper provides new insights into compliance and enforcement practices, as these workers seek to prevent pollution, remediate sites and manage waste. The analysis reveals disconnects between expectations of enforcing and managing compliance; and between practices of policing and polluting.Using an ethnographic-informed approach to understand the social practices of regulation has not been attempted in this way before. It reveals new insights into limitations of current approaches to regulation, and indicates interventions that could lead to improved compliance outcomes in a post-New Public Management era in urban pollution governance.     

Impact of ship-Breaking activities on the coastal environment of Bangladesh and a management system for its sustainability

Ship breaking or recycling in Bangladesh has been a catalyst for the economy by supporting the steel, shipbuilding, furniture, building construction, machinery and electrical industries since the 1980s. Although it has generated huge employment and provided 80–90% of the total steel consumption in the country, it has faced a host of challenges due to a number of negative environmental and social impacts that hinder the sustainable development of this blooming sector. The objective of this paper is to focus on how ship-breaking activities in Bangladesh affect the adjacent environment and the health and safety of workers, as well as management’s approach to the sustainability of the industry, by conducting a review of the available scientific literature. We found that grave environmental pollution, such as physiochemical properties, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs), organotins, oil and grease pollution, asbestos and other atmospheric pollutants, and its impact on marine ecosystems, biodiversity, forestry, fisheries and human health are the main obstacles for the development of a sustainable ship-breaking industry. In addition, labour safety and occupational health problems, social unrest and conflicts have resulted from the development of the ship-breaking industry in Bangladesh. Inappropriate management practices and inadequate plans regarding ship-breaking activities and processes are the main reasons for these challenges. Effective management measures to mitigate the adverse environmental impact of the ship-breaking industry and to improve the health and safety of workers have now become an urgent requirement.     

环境标准在环境监测部门的管理与受控

介绍了按信息分类编码的方式对环境标准分类管理的方法，根据惟一性、合理性、可扩充性、简单性、适用性和规范性原则，采用复合码的形式，将环境标准代码分为分类部分和标识部分，其中分类部分由环境标准分类号和环境要素代码组成，标识部分为该标准在此类环境标准中的登记顺序号。建议建立环境标准基本信息数据库和环境标准图片库，实现环境标准计算机检索与网上查询。结合实验室认可工作，提出了环境标准在环境监测部门的受控程序，明确了各职能科室、业务科室在该受控程序中的职责。     

工程橡胶压缩实验和缓冲特性分析

目的研究天然橡胶、丁基橡胶和发泡橡胶等典型工程橡胶的压缩变形行为和缓冲特性。方法首先总结橡胶材料特性和工程案例,进行三类橡胶的准静态和动态压缩试验,获取材料的应力-应变关系和压缩特性。并以此为基础,给出橡胶缓冲特性表征方法,进而对比和定量分析不同橡胶的缓冲特性。结果压缩实验结果显示,不同橡胶材料的压缩变形行为基本一致。缓冲特性分析表明,在相同应变水平下,实心橡胶的缓冲吸能能力明显强于发泡橡胶,而在相同应力水平下,橡胶材料的缓冲吸能能力则与材料实际所处受力区域有关。因此,在工程中选取橡胶缓冲材料时,应当考虑其所处的应力环境。结论根据不同橡胶材料的缓冲规律给出其对应的冲击防护适用场景,以此形成判据,从而为橡胶防护结构材料的选择提供参考。