关于整合管理体系的若干问题的思考

针对国内外出现的整合质量管理体系 (QMS)、环境管理体系 (EMS)与职业安全卫生体系(OSHMS)的现状 ,笔者分析了当前整合的困难与存在的问题 ,进而提出了相应的改进措施。     

铁路行包营运管理信息系统安全监控仿真研究

从系统平台、通讯网络、数据库和业务应用系统 4个方面 ,分析了影响铁路行包营运管理信息系统安全的主要因素。借鉴国际标准化组织 (ISO)提出的开放式系统互联参考模型 (OSI RM )和Manager Agent模式 ,设计了层次型安全监控仿真系统 ,并在UnicenterTNG软件平台上进行了实现。实验结果表明 ,该仿真系统能够较好地实现对行包营运管理信息安全以及业务流程的监视。     

基于第三方的企业安全生产管理(模式)研究

在我国 ,企业安全生产虽然受到重视 ,但是其严峻的形势没有得到有效遏制。笔者通过引入第三方管理思想 ,将本来属于企业内部行为的安全生产外部化 ,从而实现由内部的责任管理变为外部的契约管理 ,明确了责任主体和责任。笔者首先对第三方安全及其优越性进行界定 ,并分析了第三方安全的发生机理。然后在前述基础上提出了安全生产的预防措施     

基于B/S与C/S模式的铁路运输安全管理信息系统

随着我国铁路运输业的迅速发展 ,对铁路运输安全管理不断提出新的要求。解决安全管理问题一是要不断提高员工的安全素质 ,提高安全防范意识及事故处理能力 ;更重要的是运用安全管理信息技术 ,通过建立安全管理信息系统来提高安全管理水平 ,降低事故的发生。笔者综合考虑C/S模式在信息管理、办公自动化等事务处理和B/S模式在信息浏览、查询和发布方面的优势 ,采用B/S和C/S模式相结合的混合模式开发了铁路运输安全管理信息系统。结合为某铁路运输企业开发的系统 ,论述了该系统的设计和实现     

Perceived values of benefits from Mississippi's forestry Best Management Practices

Numerous studies in the United States have shown that, in addition to accomplishing their primary objective of preventing or reducing non-point source (NPS) pollution, silvicultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) provide additional direct and indirect benefits. These benefits are valuable to a host of forestry-related groups because they improve forest habitat, improve the public's perception of the timber industry, and increase the overall value of the timber asset. In an effort to gauge the perceived value that forestry-related groups place on BMPs, Mississippi non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners (n=63), forestry consultants (n=30), and timber industry professionals (n=8) were surveyed using a combination of in-person, telephone interviews, and mail surveys in spring 2001. Each group was asked to rank 35 potential benefits from 1 to 5 (1 being least beneficial; 5 being most beneficial) according to their perceived value of the benefit. Results showed little variation in the overall mean response for all benefits among groups. In general, all groups assigned a ranking of average, more beneficial, or most beneficial to 31 of 35 (88%) potential benefits. Results indicated that, although these groups may have differing perceptions of the value of some benefits, all have a largely positive perception of the potential benefits from BMPs.     

Irrigation water management policies: Allocation and pricing principles and implementation experience

Food security and sustainable development require efficient use of water resources, especially in irrigation. Economic pricing can be an effective tool to achieve more efficient water use, provided it is supported by other policies in implementation. Applying various water pricing and cost recovery arrangements is suggested for efficient allocation. Any adverse impact on farmers’ incomes must be addressed and more reliable service must accompany higher prices. Experience from several countries suggests a variety of implementation issues. Essential complements to water pricing are water distribution rules and technological choices at critical nodes in the delivery system that allow farmers flexibility in conserving water in response to higher prices. Among supporting institutions, water users associations seem a higher priority than water markets.     

Influence of ethnicity on recreation and natural environment use patterns: Managing recreation sites for ethnic and racial diversity

Management of natural environment sites is becoming increasingly complex because of the influx of urbanized society into wildland areas. This worldwide phenomenon impacts a wide range of countries. In southern California ethnicity is often a major factor influencing recreation site use and behavior at sites in the wildland-urban interface. This study investigated the role of ethnicity and race on the use patterns, perception of environment, and recreation behaviors at an outdoor recreation site visited by an ethnically diverse population. Two research questions were asked: (1) What ethnic groups engage in outdoor recreation at this site, and (2) what differences can be assigned to these various groups? Data were collected from 250 recreationists during 1991. Three major ethnic groups were identified, and statistically significant differences were found in the importance of site attributes, activity participation, and in preferred and actual communication channels. Management implications and strategies based on group differences are discussed.     

Evolutionary or fragmented environmental policy making? coal,power, and agriculture in the Hunter Valley,Australia

Intensified surface mining, power generation, and smelting operations in the Hunter River lowlands, NSW, Australia have posed numerous new environmental management problems. Legislative controls over water, soils, and land use management have been clearly insufficient and remain so. The complex range of environmental changes is challenging government agencies as well as coal developers. While water demands are increasing in the region the proportionally greatest competitors are power generation and irrigation. Comprehensive regional water quality assessment is inadequate and divided between a number of agencies with fragmentary interests. Coal development inquiries signal further controversy over appropriate management solutions and are an ongoing phenomenon in the region. The early 1980s resource boom has been followed by lower rates of economic growth, which have resulted in disparate agency responses to major ongoing environmental questions. While issue attention cycles are often remarkably short in environmental management, matters of water, land, and air quality require intensive and ongoing monitoring and policy development.     

A proposed formal structure for assessing bear-human encounters

A formal model for the interaction of bear and hiker populations in national parks is developed. A number of alternative interactive scenarios are identified and some specific cases explored in detail. Some examples of the insights to be gained by the use of such a formal structure by park managers charged with the dual mandate of preservation of fauna and provision of safe recreational opportunities are presented. The entire problem is then discussed within the context of the more general tragedy of the commons problem.     

高压水射流超细粉碎云母的粒度特性方程式

为了弄清高压水射流超细粉碎云母的规律，本文通过假设颗粒中的校裂纹、表面裂纹和体裂纹的扩展概率相互独立，以及颗粒中发生多少个裂纹扩展的概率服从普哇松分布，推导出粒度特性方程；并认为裂纹扩展概率与水压成正比，与给料调和平均粒率成反比；然后用粒度特性方程拟合和分析了高压水射流超细粉碎云母的实验测试数据，发现高压水射流超细粉碎云母主要是云母粉中的棱裂纹扩展所致，且粒度分布由水压和给料调和平均粒度决定。