全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2016篇 |
免费 | 252篇 |
国内免费 | 832篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 26篇 |
废物处理 | 2篇 |
环保管理 | 227篇 |
综合类 | 1848篇 |
基础理论 | 271篇 |
污染及防治 | 129篇 |
评价与监测 | 264篇 |
社会与环境 | 298篇 |
灾害及防治 | 35篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 97篇 |
2021年 | 105篇 |
2020年 | 95篇 |
2019年 | 91篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 133篇 |
2015年 | 163篇 |
2014年 | 152篇 |
2013年 | 216篇 |
2012年 | 251篇 |
2011年 | 239篇 |
2010年 | 184篇 |
2009年 | 137篇 |
2008年 | 105篇 |
2007年 | 116篇 |
2006年 | 123篇 |
2005年 | 89篇 |
2004年 | 82篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 54篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3100条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
391.
应用遥感技术监测和评价太湖水质状况 总被引:50,自引:4,他引:46
利用遥感信息和有限的实地监测数据建立了太湖水质参数预测模型 ,该方法可以用于太湖水质污染的预测、分析和评价 ,能够较好地反映水质的空间分布特征 ,尤其适合于大范围水域的快速监测 .研究结果表明 ,利用单波段、多波段因子组合以及主成分分析等手段可以使遥感信息得到更充分的利用 ,从而使预测结果更加精确 .预测结果显示 ,太湖流域已经呈现了严重的富营养化趋势 ,且空间分布不均衡 .东太湖以及靠近无锡和苏州的湖体附近相对污染更为严重 . 相似文献
392.
In cooperative breeders, mature males may compete for fertilizations. In this study, we measured the degree of multiple paternity
in a natural population of a cooperatively breeding fish. Neolamprologus pulcher (Perciformes: Cichlidae) is a highly social cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. We used highly variable microsatellite loci
to survey 12 groups with an average number of 10.6 brood care helpers per group and a total of 43 offspring (mean 3.6 per
brood). In 11 of 12 groups, all young were assigned to the dominant female. The dominant male sired all offspring in three
groups, part of the offspring in four groups, and in five groups, he had no paternity at all. In total, 44.2% of young were
not fathered by the current male territory owner. Multiple paternity was found in 5 of 12 broods (41.7 %), with 8 of 35 young
(22.9 %) being sired by males other than the respective territory owners. This is an exceptionally high rate of extra-pair
paternity among cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Neither helpers present in these territories during collection nor neighbouring
males were unequivocally assigned to have sired these extra-pair young. However, behavioural observations suggest that male
helpers may have produced these young before being expelled from the territory in response to this reproductive parasitism.
We discuss these results in the light of reproductive skew theory, cooperative breeding in vertebrates and alternative reproductive
tactics in fish. 相似文献
393.
鄱阳湖湿地重金属形态分布及植物富集研究 总被引:21,自引:7,他引:14
研究了鄱阳湖湿地土壤中Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd形态与植物富集的关系. 结果表明:鄱阳湖土壤中Cu,Pb和Zn主要以有机态和残渣态为主,水溶态和离子交换态等生物有效性态含量很少;而Cd则主要以水溶态和离子交换态等生物有效性态为主,因此Cd的生态危害较大. 相关分析和偏相关分析均显示:植物中重金属含量与其生存环境中重金属水溶态或离子交换态含量直接相关,这与理论上植物只能吸收重金属水溶态相符. 植物对重金属的富集能力表现出Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb的趋势. 用重金属水溶态或离子交换态进行植物富集研究,更具有可比性和科学性. 相似文献
394.
对武汉东湖3个采样点柱状沉积物中总氮、总磷、总有机碳及微生物量的垂向分布进行了测定,并对生源要素与微生物量之间垂向分布的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,东湖柱状沉积物中总有机碳与总氮之间存在明显的同步变化趋势,其含量随着沉积物深度的增加而不断降低,处于纳污区的1号点的各种营养盐含量均显著高于其它各点.沉积物中的有机质有着明显的双重来源,1号点含有较高的陆源有机质成分,而远离排污口部分的2号和3号点的有机质来源则以水生生物为主.微生物量在沉积物表层最高,随着沉积物深度的增加而不断下降.微生物量与有机质含量之间存在极显著的相关性,但是受有机质来源不同的影响,微生物量与总氮、总磷之间仅在远离排污口部分存在极显著相关性. 相似文献
395.
396.
淀山湖沉积物中重金属元素分布特征及其季节变化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
分别于夏冬两季采集淀山湖表层柱状沉积物样品,分析了沉积物样品中Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Fe和Mn的总量分布特征,用Tess-ier连续提取法,系统地对沉积物中重金属元素的形态分布进行了研究,并初步探讨了重金属元素分布特征的季节变化的原因。结果表明:沉积物中Pb的总量存在季节变化;沉积物中Cd、Cu、Cr和Fe主要存在于残渣态中,但Pb的铁锰氧化物结合态与Cu的有机质-硫化物结合态均为各自的优势结合态;Mn主要以可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态及残渣态存在;Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Fe和Mn各形态含量均存在季节变化,其总量及各形态含量的变化与温度、pH、Eh等有关。 相似文献
397.
Levee failure and overtopping as a result of Hurricane Katrina caused major flooding of New Orleans, Louisiana. Floodwaters, which were contaminated with heavy metals, organic chemicals, and fecal coliform bacteria (FCB), were pumped into neighboring Lake Pontchartrain during dewatering. The impact of levee failure on water and benthic sediment concentrations in the lake was investigated by applying a numerical water quality model coupled to a three-dimensional, numerical hydrodynamic model. The model was used to compute water and benthic sediment concentrations throughout the lake for lead, arsenic, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), and water concentrations for FCB. Computed concentrations resulting from actual pumped discharges with levee failure and overtopping were compared to computed concentrations resulting from pumped discharges without levee failure or overtopping, and concentrations from both sets of conditions were compared to ecological water and sediment quality screening guideline values. The model indicated that incremental increases above pre-Katrina benthic sediment concentrations are about a factor of 10 greater with dewatering of the floodwaters than with dewatering of storm water without flooding. However, these increases for the metals are small relative to pre-Katrina concentrations. The results showed that the ecological screening-level sediment quality guideline values were exceeded for BaP and DDE in areas near the south shoreline of the lake as a result of floodwater pump-out, whereas, this was not the case for storm water removal without flooding. The model showed that lake water column concentrations should be about the same during both dewatering conditions regardless of whether there is flooding or not. 相似文献
398.
Multivariate Analysis of Interactions Between Phytoplankton Biomass and Environmental Variables in Taihu Lake, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phytoplankton variation in large shallow eutrophic lakes is characterized by high spatial and temporal heterogenity. Understanding
the pattern of phytoplankton variation and the relationships between it and environmental variables can contribute to eutrophic
lakes management. In this study Taihu Lake, one of the largest eutrophic fresh water lake in China, was taken as study area.
The water body of Taihu Lake was divided into five regions viz. Wuli bay (WB), Meilian Bay (MB), West Taihu Lake (WTL), Main
Body of Taihu Lake (MBTL) and East Taihu Lake (ETL). Concentrations of chlorophyll-a and the related environmental variables
were determined in each region in the period 2000–2003. Factor analysis and multivariate analysis were applied to evaluate
the interactions between phytoplankton variation and environmental variables. Results showed that the highest average concentrations
of TN, TP and Chl-a were observed in WB, followed in a descending order by MB and WTL, and the lowest concentrations of TN,
TP and Chl-a were observed in MBTL and ETL. Chl-a and TP concentrations in most regions (except ETL) declined during the study
period. It suggested that to some extent the lake was recovering from eutrophication. However, persistent ascending of TN
and NH4–N in all five regions indicated the deteriorating of water quality in the study period. Results of multivariate showed that
the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and environmental variables varied among regions. TP illustrated itself a
controlling role on phytoplankton in WB, MB, WTL and MBTL according to the significant positive relations to phytoplankton
biomass in these regions. Nitrogen could be identified as a limiting factor to phytoplankton biomass in ETL in view of the
positive correlations between TN and phytoplankton and between NH4–N and phytoplankton. Spatial variation of interactions between phytoplankton and environmental parameters suggested proper
eutrophication control measures were needed to restore ecological system in each region of Taihu Lake. 相似文献
399.
Water is key element in human life. All forms of life upon the earth depend upon water for their mere existence. Life & water
may be aptly said to be two facets of the same coin. Most of the water bodies are getting polluted due to domestic waste,
sewage, industrial waste and agricultural effluent. The present study is designed to ascertain the effectiveness of artificial
aeration cum Ozonizer unit installed at Lower Lake, Bhopal for assessment of water quality. Various physico- chemical parameters
like pH, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate and bacteriological status
were studied to assess the extent of deterioration in water quality of Lower lake and at the same time to assess the performance
of the dual aeration system in improvement of water quality. 相似文献
400.
Eutrophication conditions and ecological status in typical bays of Lake Taihu in China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sampling was conducted at three site groups, group E (in East Taihu Bay), G (in Gonghu Bay) and M (in Meiliang Bay) in Lake
Taihu. TN and TP concentrations among site groups was in the increasing order of E < G < M. TP level at G sites is at the
critical threshold for loss of submersed macrophytes. Mean values of DO and Transparence showed different trend, i.e., E >
G > M. The mean phytoplankton fresh-weight biomass at M sites was 5.81 mg/l, higher than that at E sites (4.96 mg/l) and G
sites (5.18 mg/l). Mean zooplankton fresh-weight biomass was in the decreasing order of M (6.4 mg/l) > G (4.9 mg/l) > E (2.7 mg/l).
However, Rotifera density was in the sequence of E > G > M. Both zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton biomass increased with the rise of TN
and TP concentrations. Relationships between zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton biomass showed that zooplankton played
a limited role in the control of algae in eutrophic lakes. Nutrient availability is much more important than zooplankton grazing
pressure in controlling phytoplankton growth in lakes. For most sites in Lake Taihu, reduction of nutrient loading, as well
as macrophyte conservation, zappears to be especially important in maintaining high water quality and regulating lake biological
structure, but for M sites, it’s urgent to control nutrient inputs rather than to restore macrophyte community. 相似文献