基于Sentinel-2 MSI影像的河湖系统水体悬浮物空间分异遥感监测:以安徽省升金湖与连接长江段为例

开展河湖系统悬浮物监测对掌握水体泥沙运移规律、制定水环境治理措施具有重要意义.以安徽省升金湖与连接长江段水体为研究区,根据实测光谱模拟Sentinel-2 MSI影像波段反射率,结合同步水体悬浮物实测数据建立反演模型;而后根据2017～2019年28景MSI影像水体悬浮物反演结果,分析河湖系统水体悬浮物浓度的变化规律,并探究水位变化对其空间分异的影响.结果表明:①根据MSI影像第六波段与第三波段的比值建立的二次多项式模型具有较高的反演精度(R²=0.863,RMSE=22.211 mg·L^-1),适用于高浊度水体悬浮物反演;②在空间上,升金湖入湖口附近、上中湖区西北部和下湖悬浮物浓度相对较高,除夏季外升金湖悬浮物浓度均高于其连接长江段;在时间上,升金湖悬浮物浓度在夏季相对较低,在其他季节较高,而与其连接的长江水体呈现相反的年内变化规律;③闸控影响下河湖连通性改变造成的水位变化,是影响升金湖-长江悬浮物空间分异的关键因素.在平水期与枯水期,升金湖对长江悬浮物浓度变化具有一定的贡献度,而在丰水期,升金湖与长江悬浮物浓度变化之间的相关性不明显.     

雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期水体溶解性有机物的空间分布、光谱特征及来源解析

运用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)以及紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis),对雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期不同特征区域水体溶解性有机物(DOM)的空间分布、光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明,冬季冰封期白洋淀水体DOM吸收系数无特征峰,不同特征区域的差异显著;表层水体DOM与底层水体DOM的吸收系数差异不明显;冰封期白洋淀水体的E3/E4均大于3. 5,说明DOM以低腐殖质成分为主,E2/E3为6. 35±0. 72,表明DOM中小分子量的居多,而且SR为1. 33±0. 14均大于1,显示DOM主要为生物源;三维荧光通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸(C1)、类色氨酸(C2)和陆源腐殖质(C3);对3个组分进行相关性分析,结果显示C1与C2之间具有显著的相关性(P <0. 001);白洋淀各个特征区域间的DOM总荧光强度和各荧光组分荧光强度呈现显著的差异(P <0. 01); DOM的总荧光强度以及各组分的荧光强度均呈现出唐河入淀口高、烧车淀低的特征,C1+C2是DOM的主要成分;冰封期白洋淀水体的DOM生物源指数(BIX)为1...     

城市湖泊水环境整治对改善水质的影响:以蠡湖近30年水质变化为例

自"十五"以来,为改善水质,我国许多城市湖泊均先后采取了水环境治理措施.为了解这些措施对富营养化城市湖泊水质改善成效,根据中国科学院太湖湖泊生态系统研究站对蠡湖的长期监测数据和本课题组2017年对蠡湖的两次调查结果进行汇总分析,探讨了无锡蠡湖综合整治前后近30年来水环境质量变化情况.结果表明:①TN、TP、高锰酸盐指数和Chl-a等水质指标的浓度从20世纪90年代初开始呈现快速上升的趋势,1997～2003年间处于最差状态,2003年经过综合整治后呈现逐年递减趋势,但近两年略有反弹;水体透明度整治前后无明显改善.②从季节上看,综合整治之前,水质波动较大;综合整治之后,蠡湖各项指标出现显著差异,冬季水质明显好于夏季.③从区域上来看,蠡湖西部水质明显优于东部湖区.综合其他城市湖泊治理情况,研究表明水环境治理可以改善湖泊水质,但在水质改善后需要恢复草型生态系统,推进以生物调控为主的生态修复,逐步提升物种多样性,真正恢复湖泊生态系统服务功能.     

红枫湖水库水体富营养化及浮游植物群落结构特征

2008-2009年通过对红枫湖水库浮游植物及环境因子进行采样调查,并运用综合营养状态指数对红枫湖水库营养状态进行评价.研究结果显示,红枫湖水库浮游植物全年以蓝藻、绿藻为主的优势种群落,且在2008-2009年经常性局部发生蓝藻水华:冬、春季节主要是水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)的蓝藻水华;夏季主要是微囊藻属(Microcystis)蓝藻水华;秋季浮游植物主要是颗粒直链藻(Melosira)和小环藻属(Cyclotella)为主的硅藻类群,未出现水华现象.通过综合营养状态指数计算得红枫湖水库水体水质处于富营养化状态.     

Rapidly assessing cobenefits to advance threat-management alliances

Conservation strategies aimed at reducing threats to biodiversity can have significant implications for multiple sectors in a socioeconomic system, but these cobenefits are often poorly understood. For example, many of the threats to native species also impede agricultural production, yet agriculture is typically perceived as in competition with conservation objectives. Although a comprehensive, multiobjective decision analysis is usually beyond the scope and capacity of conservation decision makers, failing to incorporate key socioeconomic costs and benefits into conservation decision-making processes can result in missed opportunities for diversifying outcomes and creating cost-sharing multisectoral partnerships. We devised a straightforward and readily interpretable approach to incorporate cobenefits into a threat-management prioritization approach. We used it to analyze the agricultural cobenefits of implementing 9 invasive animal management strategies designed to ensure the persistence of 148 threatened species across Australia's Lake Eyre Basin over 50 years. A structured elicitation process with 24 participants (scientists, land managers, agriculturalists, and other stakeholders) was used to collect information on each strategy, including costs, technical and social feasibility, benefits to native threatened species, and cobenefits to agricultural production systems. The costs of targeted invasive animal management to save threatened species across the basin (AU$33 million/year) outweighed the overall benefits to the agricultural industry (estimated AU$226 million/year). The return on investment for these management strategies varied substantially when agricultural cobenefits were considered alongside threatened species benefits and showed synergies and challenges. Our approach demonstrates the value of incorporating cobenefits of conservation actions into cost-effectiveness analyses to guide potential investment and partnerships and to diversify implementation pathways.     

贵州阿哈水库沉积物中重金属二次污染的趋势分析

通过对受矿山活动影响的贵州阿哈水库沉积物-水界面的模拟试验及实测分析，从水库水质安全角度讨论了沉积物中蓄积的重金属作为二次污染源的可能性。研究发现：在水体季节性缺氧期间，沉积物中部分重金属元素将大量释放到水体中，严重威胁水质安全。Fe，Mn的最大释放发生在水体缺氧事件的50小时内。而Co，Cu，Ni，Pb等元素总体释放量较小，并主要在10小时内达到最大释放。对比其他地区，阿哈水库中重金属元素具有更强的界面扩散作用。锰的扩散通量在季节上表现为：冬季＞秋季＞春夏季。而铁的扩散通量则为：春夏季＞秋季＞冬季。锰的界面扩散通量远大于铁的界面扩散通量，表明界面附近锰的循环极为剧烈且远强于铁。这对其他重金属元素的界面循环产生了重要影响。界面附近的铁、锰、硫循环对重金属迁移有着显著的控制作用。受到氧化还原条件的影响，重金属扩散通量在季节上变化较大。     

武汉市大旅游网络建设研究

从地理位置、对外经济联系、国内和省内经济地位、旅游资源丰度等方面分析了武汉市发展旅游事业的有利条件；论证了建设以武汉市为中心，向郊区（县）、省内和邻省延伸的旅游网络的必要性和可行性及发展国际旅游的潜力；提出了大力加强景点和基础设施建设，改善周边交通条件，壮大地方航空公司等加快旅游业发展的对策和措施。     

The littoral zone of lake okeechobee as a source of phosphorus after drawdown

Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m² in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P released was four times less (30±14 mg/m²) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from 2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during a drawdown.     

MULTIPLICATIVE,SEASONAL ARIMA MODELS FOR LAKE ERIE AND LAKE ONTARIO WATER LEVELS1

ABSTRACT: Federal agencies in the U.S. and Canada continuously examine methods to improve understanding and forecasting of Great Lakes water level dynamics in an effort to reduce the negative impacts of fluctuating levels incurred by interests using the lakes. The short term, seasonal and long term water level dynamics of lakes Erie and Ontario are discussed. Multiplicative, seasonal ARIMA models are developed for lakes Erie and Ontario using standardized, monthly mean level data for the period 1900 to 1986. The most appropriate model identified for each lake had the general form: (1 0 1)(0 1 1)₁₂. The data for each lake were subdivided by time periods (1900 to 1942;1 943 to 1986) and the model coefficients estimated for the subdivided data were similar, indicating general model stability for the entire period of record. The models estimated for the full data sets were used to forecast levels 1,2,3, and 6 months ahead for a period of high levels (1984 to 1986). The average absolute forecast error for Lake Erie was 0.049m, 0.076m, 0.091 m and 0.128m for the 1, 2,3, and 6 month forecasts, respectively. The average absolute forecast error for Lake Ontario was 0.058m, 0.095m, 0.120m and 0.136m for the 1,2,3, and 6 month forecasts, respectively. The ARIMA models provide additional information on water level time series structure and dynamics. The models also could be coordinated with current forecasting methods, possibly improving forecasting accuracy.     

东湖磷酸酶活力及其生态学意义研究

本文对东湖磷酸酶活力(PA)的来源,不同湖区活力水平的比较,及其与主要环境因子的关系作了初步研究。结果表明,东湖水柱中磷酸酶活力主要来自藻类,底泥中则主要来自细菌;在东湖磷浓度波动范围内,磷对碱性磷酸酶活力(ALPA)无明显抑制,实验室条件下相当于环境水平的磷浓度不能抑制PA;光照促进藻类PA的增加;溶解氧有利于藻类PA提高,对细菌PA则相反。