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文章简述了微波直接辐射和微波再生技术在废水处理中的应用.指出了微波技术在废水处理中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
874.
油罐扬沸火灾防治模拟实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
分析扬沸火灾形成的3个基本物理条件,给出扬沸三角形的概念,提出通过破坏3个基本条件中任一条件来抑制扬沸火灾发生的构想。为解决其防治问题建立小尺度油罐扬沸火灾防治模拟实验台,用沸石和双列盘管式冷却法对扬沸火灾防治进行了实验研究;通过对比两种方法施加前后的油层、油水界面、水层温度和火焰辐射,发现双列盘管式冷却法和沸石能有效地抑制扬沸的形成和降低扬沸的危害程度。从机理上分析,小尺度油罐扬沸火灾的防治方法可为扬沸火灾的防治提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
875.
Anna Suhhova Maie Bachmann Jaanus Lass Deniss Karai Hiie Hinrikus 《The Environmentalist》2009,29(2):210-214
This study is aimed to investigation of the effect of modulated 450 MHz microwave radiation on the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry.
Ten cycles of the microwave exposure (1 min off and 1 min on) at fixed modulation frequency were applied on two groups of
healthy volunteers. The first group of 13 subjects was exposed to microwave radiation modulated at 14 Hz and the second group
of 15 subjects at 40 Hz frequency. The peak specific absorption rate (SAR) average over 1 g was 0.303 W/kg. Differences in
SAR between hemispheres were up to 20 dB. Rod antenna was located from the left side of the head. Differences of relative
changes in EEG energy between symmetric channels FP1–FP2, T3–T4, P3–P4 and O1–O2 in exposed and sham conditions were analysed.
The results showed increase in EEG energy from the left side caused by microwave exposure. Statistical analysis done for the
whole group of subjects didn’t reveal significant differences in inter-hemispheres asymmetry between exposed and sham conditions.
However, statistical analysis performed for individual subjects detected significant differences in asymmetry caused by exposure
for 15–35% of individuals. 相似文献
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以开源GIS软件GRASS为平台,首次通过辐射过程模型r.sun和编程语言Shell实现长江流域500 m分辨率的晴日辐射反演(包括直接辐射、散射辐射和反射辐射),为了解长江流域辐射时空分布规律和相关宏观气候、生态建模奠定基础。结论如下:(1)精度验证表明,晴日辐射反演结果较理想;相关晴日指数的误差指标MPE、MAPE和RMSE分别为37%、75%和64%,r.sun模型可进一步用于中国其它区域;(2)长江流域晴日辐射年均日值为2424±245 MJ/(m2·d),其各组分差异显著,直接、散射、反射辐射分别占总辐射的842%、156%和02%;(3)晴日辐射空间分布梯度明显,沿三级地形阶梯向东辐射值及变异逐渐减小,海拔变化引起的大气衰减因素在决定晴日辐射分布时起重要作用;(4)晴日辐射季节分布不对称,月际变化总体呈倒“U”形分布;直接辐射和散射辐射变化趋势基本一致,但二者比例随大气浑浊度的变化波动剧烈。 相似文献
878.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons’ (PAHs) toxicity is enhanced by the presence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which levels have arisen due to the thinning of the ozone layer. In this study, PAHs’ phototoxicity for natural marine phytoplankton was tested. Different concentrations of a mixture of 16 PAHs were added to natural phytoplankton communities from the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern Oceans and exposed to natural sunlight received in situ, including treatments where the UVR bands were removed. PAHs’ toxicity was observed for all the phytoplankton groups studied in all the waters and treatments tested, but only for the pico-sized group a synergetic effect of the mixture and UVR was observed (p = 0.009). When comparing phototoxicity in phytoplankton from oligotrophic and eutrophic waters, synergy was only observed at the oligotrophic communities (p = 0.02) where pico-sized phytoplankton dominated. The degree of sensitivity was related to the trophic degree, decreasing as Chlorophyll a concentration increased. 相似文献
879.
In the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) there exists a unique set of meteorological measurements consisting of the values of vertical atmospheric levels of beta and gamma radiation. In this paper a stochastic data-driven model based on nonlinear regression and on nonhomogeneous Poisson process is suggested. In the first part of the paper, growth curves were used to establish an appropriate nonlinear regression model. For comparison we considered a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with its intensity based on growth curves. In the second part both approaches were applied to the real data and compared. Computational aspects are briefly discussed as well. The primary goal of this paper is to present an improved understanding of the distribution of environmental radiation as obtained from the measurements of the vertical radioactivity profiles by the radioactivity sonde system. 相似文献
880.
A rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites in environmental aqueous samples has been developed using one-step microwave-assisted headspace controlled-temperature liquid-phase micro-extraction (MA-HS-CT-LPME) technique coupled with gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). In this study, the one-step extraction of DDT and its main metabolites was achieved by using microwave heating to accelerate the evaporation of analytes into the controlled-temperature headspace to form a cloudy mist vapor zone for LPME sampling. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency were thoroughly optimized, and the best extraction for DDT and its main metabolites from 10-mL aqueous sample at pH 6.0 was achieved by using 1-octanol (4-μL) as the LPME solvent, sampling at 34 °C for 6.5 min under 249 W of microwave irradiation. Under optimum conditions, excellent linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.05-1.0 μg/L for 1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p′-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p′-DDE), 0.1-2.0 μg/L for o,p′-DDT, 0.15-3.0 μg/L for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p′-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDD) and p,p′-DDT, with detection limits of 20 ng/L for p,p′-DDE, and 30 ng/L for o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDT. Precision was in the range of 3.2-11.3% RSD. The proposed method was validated with environmental water samples. The spiked recovery was between 95.5% and 101.3% for agricultural-field water, between 94% and 99.7% for sea water and between 93.5% and 98% for river water. Thus the established method has been proved to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and eco-friendly procedure for the determination of DDT and its main metabolites in environmental water samples. 相似文献