中国第四次北极科考航线上黑碳和臭氧的变化特征

利用2010年7月1日至9月20日中国第四次北极科学考察的大气成分在线观测资料,对考察航线上黑碳气溶胶(BC)、臭氧(O3)和B波段紫外辐射(UVB)的分布特征进行了分析.结果显示,这些要素总体上随纬度的增加而递减,其最大值出现在我国东部海域,最低值出现在北冰洋.进入白令海后,BC浓度变化相对平稳,白令海和北冰洋的BC平均浓度分别为15.6ng·m-3和10.5ng·m-3.白令海的平均O3体积分数比北冰洋高,分别为18.9×10-9和15.7×10-9.但在75°N以北海区O3体积分数有所升高,在80°N以北达到17.0×10-9,这一现象可能与海冰密集度和冰上光化学过程有关.UVB辐照度在中低纬地区有显著的日变化,由于在北冰洋航行期间处于极昼期,其变化幅度较小.UVB受天气影响明显,尤其是遇上气旋的阴雨天气,UVB强度较弱.     

石油化工放射工作人员细胞遗传学分析研究

目的分析研究长期接触射线的石油化工放射工作人员细胞遗传学改变,评价x、y、中子射线对人体细胞遗传学影响.方法染色体培养采用微量全血培养法;微核测定采用常规培养法.结果射线组人员染色体畸变率为0.28%,微核细胞率为3.23‰,明显高于对照组(0.145%.0.165‰),两组间比较有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论不同射线工龄组、不同放射应用专业人员的染色体畸变率、淋巴细胞微核率均明显高于对照组,差异有非常显著性.     

山西煤矿瓦斯泄漏风险后果预测与影响分析

通过对煤矿瓦斯泄漏主要风险后果的预测和影响分析，对进一步研究瓦斯泄漏风险后果中火灾热辐射、云团爆炸和云团扩散爆炸有更深刻的了解，为煤矿风险评价和制定应急预案提供有力的参考。     

影响光纤特性的若干环境因素

本文综述了若干影响光纤特性的环境因素，如潮气，各种类型的机械力，腐蚀，氢气，雷电，核电磁脉冲及电离辐射，这些因素会使光纤极化面偏转，衰减增加，误码率加大。文中还扼要介绍了为减少这些环境危害影响所采取的若干措施。     

LNG池火热辐射模型及安全距离影响因素研究

重点对LNG池火热辐射模型,模型应用方式,以及热辐射安全距离的影响因素做了详细研究,给出池火热辐射模型采用及安全距离计算的方法。对常用的热辐射计算模型(点源模型、LNGFire3和PoFM ISE模型)加以介绍,并对3种模型做了对比研究。PoFM ISE模型充分考虑大池火直径时不完全燃烧的因素以及风速对火焰高度的影响,建议当风速大于1.5 m/s,池火直径大于20 m时采用。同时,进一步研究影响LNG池火热辐射安全距离的各种因素,包括池火直径、风速、环境温度和湿度,从而得出不同条件下池火热辐射安全距离的要求。     

Physical and motor development in male and female rat offspring prenatally exposed to gamma radiation

Abstract

The effects of radiation on physical and motor development of male and female rats exposed to ionizing radiation in utero were studied. Rats were exposed to three different doses of radiation (150 rad, 15 rad and 6.8 rad, considered as high, moderate and low doses of radiation respectively) on the 20th day of prenatal life. Exposure to 150 rad contributed to significantly lower body weights of both male and female rat offspring. Upper jaw tooth eruption was delayed in 150 rad treated male offspring, as well as in 15 rad and 150 rad treated female offspring. Cliff‐avoidance response was delayed in 6.8 rad, 15 rad, and 150 rad treated male offspring; and 150 rad treated female offspring. Lower jaw tooth eruption, eye opening, and crawling were not affected by radiation in male or female animals. Results indicate that radiation affected the developmental parameters of both male and female rat offspring, and sex of the offspring played no role in the magnitude of radiation induced damages.     

核电事故中核素气溶胶烟羽扩散的模拟研究

本文选用高斯模型对放射性气溶胶扩散特性进行了模拟研究,分析了影响气溶胶扩散的主要几何参数和气象因素,探求了放射性污染物在地面上的浓度分布,最大浓度位置以及安全范围的划分等问题.模拟研究结果与相关文献相一致,证明了高斯扩散模型对此类扩散模拟的合理性和有效性；这为全面了解放射性气溶胶扩散的特性、对快速、有效地处置核事故具有指导意义.     

Assessing radiation impact at a protected coastal sand dune site: an intercomparison of models for estimating the radiological exposure of non-human biota

This paper presents the application of three publicly available biota dose assessment models (the ERICA Tool, R&D128/SP1a and RESRAD-BIOTA) to an assessment of the Drigg coastal sand dunes. Using measured ⁹⁰Sr, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸Pu, ^239+240Pu and ²⁴¹Am activity concentrations in sand dune soil, activity concentration and dose rate predictions are made for a range of organisms including amphibians, birds, invertebrates, mammals, reptiles, plants and fungi. Predicted biota activity concentrations are compared to measured data where available. The main source of variability in the model predictions is the transfer parameters used and it is concluded that developing the available transfer databases should be a focus of future research effort. The value of taking an informed user approach to investigate the way in which models may be expected to be applied in practice is highlighted and a strategy for the future development of intercomparison exercises is presented.     

地震电磁辐射观测技术应用研究

通过对 6个震例的分析研究 ,总结出电磁辐射源来自陆域空间和海域空间的规律 ;震前电磁异常的识别及非震异常的特征与排除 ,并成功地进行了一次临震预报。     

Effect of modulated microwave radiation on human EEG asymmetry

This study is aimed to investigation of the effect of modulated 450 MHz microwave radiation on the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry. Ten cycles of the microwave exposure (1 min off and 1 min on) at fixed modulation frequency were applied on two groups of healthy volunteers. The first group of 13 subjects was exposed to microwave radiation modulated at 14 Hz and the second group of 15 subjects at 40 Hz frequency. The peak specific absorption rate (SAR) average over 1 g was 0.303 W/kg. Differences in SAR between hemispheres were up to 20 dB. Rod antenna was located from the left side of the head. Differences of relative changes in EEG energy between symmetric channels FP1–FP2, T3–T4, P3–P4 and O1–O2 in exposed and sham conditions were analysed. The results showed increase in EEG energy from the left side caused by microwave exposure. Statistical analysis done for the whole group of subjects didn’t reveal significant differences in inter-hemispheres asymmetry between exposed and sham conditions. However, statistical analysis performed for individual subjects detected significant differences in asymmetry caused by exposure for 15–35% of individuals.