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21.
研究了用流动注射分析技术测定水体中高锰酸盐指数。使用新发明的耐腐蚀恒流泵、低记忆高效混合器、不存留气泡流通池等部件,通过高温高压,缩短消解时间,从而建立了一种可用于无人值守的自动在线快速监测水体中高锰酸盐指数的分析方法。 相似文献
22.
In the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), a cooperative mongoose, pups follow potential feeders while the group is foraging and emit incessant calls when soliciting
food from them. In contrast to a ’stationary’ brood of chicks, in which nestlings are fed at a fixed location, meerkat pups
are ’mobile’ and become spread out. The question arises whether meerkat pups that experience different constraints to those
facing chicks have evolved similar begging strategies. This paper describes the vocalisations that meerkat pups emit in the
context of begging and investigates the influence of these calls on food allocation by older group members and on the behaviour
of littermates. Meerkat pups use two types of calls when soliciting food from a potential feeder. The most common is a ’repeat’
call, which pups emit continuously when following an older forager over several hours a day. In addition, when a potential
feeder finds a prey item, the pups next to it emit a bout of calls with increased calling rate, amplitude and fundamental
frequency, termed ’high-pitched’ calls. Observations, together with playback experiments, showed that more prey was allocated
to pups that called longer and more intensely. The pup closest to a feeder was almost always fed. The probability of emitting
high-pitched calls did not depend on the time since a pup had received food, and the change from repeat to high-pitched calls
occurred suddenly. The main function of the high-pitched call, therefore, does not appear to be to signal a pup’s hunger state.
More likely, the two calls, in the context of begging, may be an adaptation to energetic constraints in a mobile feeding system.
Pups, which are dispersed during foraging, may emit repeat calls over long periods to prevent potential feeders from eating
all the prey themselves. At the moment a potential feeder finds prey, pups may give the more intense high-pitched calls to
direct feeders to bring the food item to them and not to a littermate. Therefore, unlike the stationary feeding system where
chicks emit one type of begging call when the feeder approaches the nest, meerkats, with a mobile feeding system, have evolved
two discrete types of vocalisations in the context of begging.
Received: 22 November 1999 / Revised: 1 July 2000 / Accepted: 17 July 2000 相似文献
23.
Accurately quantifying the concentration and transport flux of atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5) is vital when attempting to thoroughly identify the pollution formation mechanism.In this study,the mobile lidar measurements in Beijing on heavily polluted days in December from 2015 to 2018 are presented.The lidar was mounted on a vehicle,which could perform measurements along designated routes.On the basis of mobile lidar measurements along closed circuits of the 6 th Ring Road... 相似文献
24.
25.
采用流动式采样与气相色谱-质谱联用法研究了意大利撒丁岛Noak’s Ark自然生态区四种主要灌木树种Juniperus phoenicea(腓尼基桧),Pistacia lentiscus(黄连木),Phillyrea angustifilia,Chamaerops humilis(欧洲矮棕)的排放速率和排放特征。结果表明,JuniPerus phoenicea(腓尼基桧),Pistacia lentiscus(黄连本),Phillyrea angustifilia主要排放萜烯类化合物,其中包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苎烯、戊花烃、莰烯、β-水芹烯、桧烯、β-香叶烯和3-蒈烯等;Chamaerops humilis(欧洲矮棕)主要排放异戊二烯。在标准条件下(温度30℃,PAR为1000μmo1.m^-2.s^-1),四种树种的排放速率分别为0.15、2.10、0.20和1.87μg/g(DW).h。 相似文献
26.
INTRODUCTION: The use of hand-held cellular (mobile) phones while driving has stirred more debate, passion, and research than perhaps any other traffic safety issue in the past several years. There is ample research showing that the use of either hand-held or hands-free cellular phones can lead to unsafe driving patterns. Whether or not these performance deficits increase the risk of crash is difficult to establish, but recent studies are beginning to suggest that cellular phone use elevates crash risk. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the rate of hand-held cellular phone use by motor-vehicle drivers on a statewide level in Michigan. This study presents the results of 13 statewide surveys of cellular phone use over a 4-year period. Hand-held cellular phone use data were collected through direct observation while vehicles were stopped at intersections and freeway exit ramps. Data were weighted to be representative of all drivers traveling during daylight hours in Michigan. RESULTS: The study found that driver hand-held cellular phone use has more than doubled between 2001 and 2005, from 2.7% to 5.8%. This change represents an average increase of 0.78 percentage points per year. The 5.8% use rate observed in 2005 means that at any given daylight hour, around 36,550 drivers were conversing on cellular phones while driving on Michigan roadways. The trend line fitted to these data predicts that by the year 2010, driver hand-held cellular phone use will be around 8.6%, or 55,000 drivers at any given daylight hour. CONCLUSIONS: These results make it clear that cellular phone use while driving will continue to be an important traffic safety issue, and highlight the importance of continued attempts to generate new ways of alleviating this potential hazard. 相似文献
27.
介绍遵循LS准则的快速横向滤波(FTF)算法应用于扩频信号中有附加随机相位BPSK型干扰抑制。模拟结果表明,FTF算法比遵循LMS准则的可变步长LMS(VSS)算法有显著的优势。文中给出了模拟结果并进行了分析。 相似文献
28.
Douglas A. Harned J. Brian Atkins John S. Harvill 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(3):765-793
ABSTRACT: A nutrient mass balance — accounting for nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, crop nitrogen fixation, and point source effluents; and nutrient outputs, including crop harvest and storage — was calculated for 18 subbasins in the Mobile River Basin, and trends (1970 to 1997) were evaluated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Agricultural nonpoint nitrogen and phosphorus sources and urban nonpoint nitrogen sources are the most important factors associated with nutrients in this system. More than 30 percent of nitrogen yield in two basins and phosphorus yield in eight basins can be attributed to urban point source nutrient inputs. The total nitrogen yield (1.3 tons per square mile per year) for the Tombigbee River, which drains a greater percentage of agricultural (row crop) land use, was larger than the total nitrogen yield (0.99 tons per square mile per year) for the Alabama River. Decreasing trends of total nitrogen concentrations in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers indicate that a reduction occurred from 1975 to 1997 in the nitrogen contributions to Mobile Bay from the Mobile River. Nitrogen concentrations also decreased (1980 to 1995) in the Black Warrior River, one of the major tributaries to the Tombigbee River. Total phosphorus concentrations increased from 1970 to 1996 at three urban influenced sites on the Etowah River in Georgia. Multiple regression analysis indicates a distinct association between water quality in the streams of the Mobile River drainage basin and agricultural activities in the basin. 相似文献
29.
High frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) are widely used for transmitting of radio and TV signals, in wireless communications,
etc. A huge number of people are exposed so the possible risk to human health from telecommunication technologies could be
significant even if biological effects are slight. The study of the biological effects of RF EM radiation could contribute
to better understanding of the possible health hazards. The levels of released hemoglobin serve as an indicator of hemolysis,
caused by increased membrane fragility. This study was designed to investigate the alterations in hemoglobin release after
in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to GSM900 electromagnetic field. Erythrocyte suspensions with two different cell concentrations
(hematocrit 20% and 40%) were exposed to EM radiation from GSM mobile phone (carrier frequency 902 MHz, 2 W output power in
pulse) for 20 min in two different positions in relation to telephone antenna: Position 1 is in the centre of the major lobe
of the azimuth antenna pattern and Position 2 is between major and back lobes. Alterations in hemolysis were registered 0,
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after the treatment. Hemolysis was determined by measuring the absorbance of hemoglobin at 413 nm
in the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the suspensions. Hemolysis was expressed as hemoglobin concentration. Our data
indicated decrease in the hemoglobin level in irradiated suspensions. The GSM900 EMF exposure probably stabilized erythrocyte
membrane and caused reduction in the hemolysis depending on the EMF parameters, on the suspension water content (hematocrit)
and on the time elapsed after irradiation. 相似文献
30.