雾霾天气背景下大气环境监测质量的提升路径研究

本文主要针对雾霾天气背景下大气环境监测质量的提升路径展开深入研究,先阐述了大气环境监测质量的提升重要性,比如有利于提高环境污染的防治水平、有利于不断提高城市环境规划水平等,然后重点提出了几点可行的提升路径,主要包括制定大气环境监测质量保障体系、加强环境质量监测网络建设、加强大气环境监测采样管理、加强3S技术的应用、加强监测监察联动协调机制、扩大大气环境质量评价范围等,确保监测数据与完整性和准确性相符,确保大气环境监测质量的稳步提升,以创建节能减排、生态环保的节约型社会。     

新形势下环境监测科技发展现状与展望

随着新时代的全面到来,我国对于生态环境的重视程度也在不断提高,社会民众的环保意识也变得越来越高。在这种大背景下,环境监测科技得到了全面的发展,同时在我国各个地区也开始广泛的应用。本文先阐述了新形势下环境监测科技的发展现状,从信息化技术的深层次应用、形成多元化与多层次的监测技术格局、构成创新化的环境监测技术体系、逐步实现监测人员专业素质水平的提升四个方面,综合全面探讨了新形势下环境监测科技的发展与展望。     

核电厂主控室人机界面评价实验研究

基于以人为中心的人机交互设计和评估的思想,结合国内核电厂的实际情况,确定一些重要的核电厂主控室人机界面评估因素,并划分核电厂主控室人机界面各组成部分的评价指标与评价层次,建立了客观的评价指标体系,为核电厂主控室人机界面综合评价奠定了基础。运用模糊数学的方法,建立核电厂主控室人机界面定量评价模型,对核电厂主控室人机界面进行较为客观的综合评价。通过对核电厂操纵员问卷调查的形式进行实验验证,从而实现了定性评价与定量评价的一致性。研究表明,该方法应用于核电厂主控室人机界面评价是一种有效的方法。     

Describing and Mapping Human-Induced Vegetation Change in the Australian Landscape

Australian reporting requirements for native vegetation require improved spatial and temporal information on the anthropogenic effects on vegetation. This includes better linkage of information on vegetation type (e.g., native vegetation association), extent and change, vegetation condition, or modification. The Vegetation Assets, States and Transitions (VAST) framework is presented as a means for ordering vegetation by degree of anthropogenic modification as a series of condition states, from a residual or base-line condition through to total removal. The VAST framework facilitates mapping and accounting for change and trends in the status and condition of vegetation. The framework makes clear the links between land management and vegetation condition states, provides a mechanism for describing the consequences of land management practices on vegetation condition, and contributes to an understanding of resilience. VAST is a simple communication and reporting tool designed to assist in describing and accounting for anthropogenic modification of vegetation. A benchmark is identified for each vegetation association. Benchmarks are based on structure, composition, and current regenerative capacity. This article describes the application of the VAST framework as a consistent national framework to translate and compile existing mapped information on the modification of native vegetation. We discuss the correspondence between these compiled VAST datasets at national and regional scales and describe their relevance for natural resource policy and planning.     

电器实验室安全和环境监控措施探讨

电器实验室在对电器产品实施安全性能检测的过程中,实验室本身存在着安全和环境污染问题。如何对实验室的日电器实验室在对电器产品实施安全性能检测的过程中,实验室本身存在着安全和环境污染问题。如何对实验室的日常运作进行安全和环境的有效监控,对于保护实验室仪器设备和生命财产安全,以及试验人员的健康,具有重要的意义。 电器实验室安全和环境问题涉及但不限于防火、防烫伤、防暴、防触电、防机械伤害、防淋水、防盗、限制区域的禁入、仪器设备的保护、试验负荷控制、环境温度、湿度、电网电压、谐波畸变、噪音、有毒有害气体、电磁渡污染等诸多方面。本文针对电器实验室存在的一些主要安全和环境问题,从经济和技术可行性方面研究有效解决方法,并提出一种利用现代科技实现远程综合监控的方案。     

Comparison of modelled and measured ozone concentrations and meteorology for a site in south-west Sweden: implications for ozone uptake calculations

Measurements of ground-level ozone concentrations and meteorology (temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), solar radiation) at the monitoring site Ostad (south-west Sweden) were compared to data from the corresponding grid in the EMEP photo-oxidant model for 1997, 1999 and 2000. The influence of synoptic weather on the agreement between model and measurements was studied. Implications of differences between modelled and observed inputs for ozone flux calculations for wheat and potato were investigated. The EMEP model output of ozone, temperature and VPD correlated well with measurements during daytime. Deviations were larger during the night, especially in calm conditions, attributed to local climatological conditions at the monitoring site deviating from average conditions of the grid. These differences did not lead to significant differences in calculated ozone uptake, which was reproduced remarkably well. The uptake calculations were sensitive to errors in the ozone and temperature input data, especially when including a flux threshold.     

A Suggestion for an Improved Vegetation Scheme for Local and Global Mapping and Monitoring

The next stage in the process will be to obtain the views of as many people working in as many different fields as possible, to see whether the proposed scheme suits their needs and how it should be modified. With a few modifications, such a scheme could easily be appended to an existing land cover classification scheme, such as the FAO system, greatly increasing the usefulness and accessability of the results of the landcover classification.     

关于编制环保设施竣工验收监测报告书的探讨

环保设施竣工验收监测报告书的编制应以为环境管理和企业污染防治服务为宗旨。报告书的内容应具有技术性、可操作性和指导性。报告书应以污染源调查及验收监测分析和环保设施“三同时”执行情况调查和环保设施竣工验收监测分析为核心内容。报告书的结论应明确：主要污染物的排放浓度达标情况,合格率以及主要污染物的排放总量情况;环保设施的“三同时”执行情况,“三同时”执行率以及环保设施运行合格率。     

HotellingT^2检验方法在水质监测数据评价中的应用

一般用ｔ检验和方差分析对水质监测中多项指标进行评价分析,有是会得不到确切的结果。应用多元统计分析中ＨｅｔｅｌｌｉｎｍｇＴ＾２检验法进行分析得到了满意结果。以两个年度水质监测５项指标的监测数据为例,同时用ｔ检验和ＨｅｌｔｅｌｌｉｎｇＴ＾２检测进行评价分析,结果表明,ＨｅｔｅｌｌｉｎｇＴ＾２检验具有更好的实用性和合理性。     

家用空调噪声监测与评价

为解决家用空调器噪声污染纠纷日益增多的问题,以一居民住宅楼为例,对家用空调噪声影响进行了监测与评价,并提出了防治措施。