工业危险源仿真预警技术

概述了应用数字仿真技术于液化天然气风险评价、蒸汽云爆炸后果预测以及液氨储罐泄漏监控预警系统等的国内外研究与发展现状，给出了计算机仿真结果和现场实测数据之间的对比曲线。     

Time-lapse carbon dioxide monitoring with pulsed neutron logging

Elevated levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere have been linked to the rise in land and sea temperature [Climate Change, 2001. In: Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Xiaosu, D. (Eds.), The Scientific Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, UK, p. 944]. To demonstrate geological carbon sequestration as a mitigation technique, a carbon dioxide injection experiment was conducted in East Texas. The target – Frio formation – is a highly porous, permeable and unconsolidated sandstone. The specific interval is the Frio C sand, which originally was saturated with saline formation water. At the injection location, the Frio C sand dips 18° to the south. To monitor the injected CO₂ spreading in the formation, an old well from 1956 drilled into the deeper Yegua formation was selected as the observation well. The injection well was drilled at a distance of 100 ft downdip from the monitoring well. Several borehole measurement methods were available to monitor the CO₂ injection, but the most suitable technology was thought to be the pulsed neutron logging. This logging is used widely in cased hole, and the measured macroscopic thermal absorption cross-section (Σ) is sensitive to CO₂ saturation in high porosity saline water environments. Several log examples are given demonstrating successful the monitoring of the CO₂ plume moving through the two boreholes and the resulting saturation changes.     

Evaluation of Land Condition Trend Analysis for Birds on a Kansas Military Training Site

/ Land condition trend analysis (LCTA) is a long-term monitoring program used on military training lands to identify ecological changes that result from training and management activities. We initiated LCTA at the Kansas Army National Guard Training Facility (KANGTF) in Saline County, Kansas, in March 1998. This paper evaluates the LCTA methodology for birds by comparing LCTA results with a modified methodology designed to place sampling transects in field-identified rather than satellite-identified land-cover types. In the satellite-identified land-cover types developed at the site, grassland habitats included a large component of woody vegetation, which resulted in poor resolution of bird assemblages associated with the different land-cover types. Using these cover classes, mixed grass prairie included five grass/forb (g/f) and 10 woody-dependent species; old-field included four g/f and four woody-dependent species; and riparian included one g/f and six woody-dependent species. LCTA sampling was too limited in the ecologically important riparian woodland habitat with the result that bird species were not adequately sampled there. In the alternate sampling strategy, we identified three land-cover classes (grassland, hedgerow, and riparian woodland) by field reconnaissance and increased sampling in the riparian woodland. Grassland included six g/f and three woody-dependent species; hedgerow included six g/f and 20 woody-dependent species, and riparian included two g/f and 19 woody-dependent species. The modifications greatly improved the resolution of bird assemblages associated with land-cover classes at the KANGTF. Use of the alternative sampling method should improve the ability to detect long-term trends in the bird communities.     

Importance of insects in environmental impact assessment

Insects are particularly suited for use in environmental impact assessment (e.i.a.) because of their high species diversity, ubiquitous occurrence, and importance in the functioning of natural ecosystems. Examples are given of the use of insects in the predictive phase of e.i.a., in the monitoring and assessment phase, and in the much rarer instance of an e.i.a. that includes both of these phases. The importance of working at the species level to understanding the results of e.i.a. is emphasized.     

遥感和GIS在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式

介绍了遥感技术,地理信息系统技术在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式,以及整个系统的集成。在整个系统中遥感用于获取森林病虫害信息,地理信息系统用于管理和处理森林病虫害信息。同时,也说明了全球定位系统可用于定位采集地面数据和导路。     

我国雾霾成因及防控策略研究

针对近年来我国雾霾频发的现象,通过对我国雾霾现状、污染物来源分析,阐明雾霾成因及危害,并从监测、评价、控制等角度阐述我国雾霾防控策略。     

松花江水体和底泥中的环境激素类等物质的监测研究

通过对不同萃取与净化方法的比较选择,建立了一个同时检测环境介质中(水、沉积物)五种激素类物质与六种本分美内分泌干扰物的气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法,回收率在70%以上,应用此方法对松花江哈尔滨段江水样品和沉积物样品进行分析,结果酚类内分泌干扰物的浓度均远低于世界其他国家和地区,天然和人工合成激素类物质和其他国家和地区浓度相当或略高。     

萃取技术在环境样品处理中的运用

环境监测中环境样品的处理是非常重要的环节。环境样品成分复杂,干扰物质较多,组分的含量较低。传统的萃取方法耗时、耗能、试刘用量大、产生交叉污染,而且操作步骤繁琐。近年来,一些高效萃取技术在环境样品的处理中相继成功运用,为萃取技术的发展提供了广阔的空间。     

《社会生活环境噪声排放标准》应用中应注意的若干问题

本文对《社会生活环境噪声排放标准》在应用中可能遇到的问题进行了分析,通过具体实例提出了解决问题的办法。     

橡胶燃烧事故的应急监测

介绍了福建沙县高砂镇今年"2.12"突发性火灾引发的橡胶燃烧污染事故中,环境监测部门如何有效地开展环境监测,为事故处理指挥部迅速正确地处理事故提供了优质快速的技术支持,并提出做好环境污染应急处置的几点建议。