Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital

Implicit psychological constructs are effective predictors of behavioral outcomes but are rarely used in organizational settings because of real or imagined problems with measurement validity and administration. To address these concerns, we present a means of assessing implicit constructs quickly and easily by using psychological capital as an example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

降温方式对厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能的影响

考察一次性降温和阶梯式降温对厌氧氨氧化反应器(ASBR)脱氮性能的影响。一次性降温方式（30 ℃降至15 ℃）,阶梯式降温方式（30 ℃降至25 ℃,再降至20 ℃,最后降至15 ℃）。温度30 ℃时,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别为97.3%和98.5%,总氮去除速率为5.12 mg·(g·h)-1,ΔNO2--N/ΔNH4+-N为1.33,厌氧氨氧化活性(SAA)为0.139 g·(g·d)-1。一次性降温至15 ℃时,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别降至47.9%和55.1%,总氮去除速率降至2.74 mg·(g·h)-1,ΔNO2--N/ΔNH4+-N升至1.51,SAA降至0.071 g·(g·d)-1。阶梯式降温至15 ℃时,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率降至51.6%和61.2%,总氮去除速率降至3.22 mg·(g·h)-1,ΔNO2--N/ΔNH4+-N升至1.48,SAA降为0.083 g·(g·d)-1。阶梯式降温方式脱氮性能更佳。     

水安全及城市水安全研究进展与趋势

归纳和总结国内外水安全及城市水安全相关研究实践及其所用的评价指标体系,并对几种常用模型与方法的应用情况及其各自的特点进行分析,针对目前水安全及城市水安全研究中存在的主要问题,指出水安全及城市水安全进一步研究的方向:从自然、生态环境、社会经济、人文4个基本方向,以系统性、持续性、动态性和层次性4个特征为基础,分析水安全及城市水安全的概念与内涵;根据研究区域特征及其主要水安全问题建立评价指标体系;以研究者对各个模型的理解程度及驾驭能力为准则选用或改造现有模型与方法;针对加强城市应急水源地建设、突发性水安全事件应急预案、湿润地区水安全等问题开展研究。     

儿童在道路行驶中的安全与防护——加拿大新的儿童汽车座椅法规与测试方法

本文主要介绍加拿大新的《机动车辆约束系统和加高座椅安全法规》（SOR/2011-16）的相关内容,同时对儿童汽车座椅的研究与测试方法也进行了详细描述,以对我国相关行业提供借鉴。     

Inverse calculation approaches for source determination in hazardous chemical releases

Source determination is vital in decision making and emergency planning involving hazardous chemical releases. This work was concentrated on inverse calculation approaches for source determination as well as current trends and future perspectives. In this paper, these different approaches are reviewed by dividing them into two categories: probability modeling methods and optimization modeling methods. The traits of these approaches are comparatively analyzed. Then it is shown how these approaches behave when applied to practical cases, and their feasibility, applicability, stability, and limitation in determining the location and strength are presented. It is argued that when experimenting with potential terrorist attacks involving hazardous chemical releases, observation points should be around the main line of the downwind direction when the source is known; while the uniform distribution of observation points is an efficient solution for unknown incidents. Probability modeling methods are demonstrated to be insufficient during emergency responses due to their lacking of enough prior information of unknown parameters, while optimization modeling methods are efficient and become a new trend in source determination. Findings reflect an urgent need for the development of high-accuracy detectors and further research of data transmission techniques in order to ensure the validity of these approaches.     

杨凌生活垃圾处置方法的可行性分析

根据对杨凌城区不同功能区生活垃圾的现场采样,由垃圾的物理组成、含水率、低位热值全N、全P、全K含量以及垃圾中可堆腐物和筛下物中的重金属含量的测定结果,分析了应用填埋、焚烧和堆肥法对杨凌城区生活垃圾进行处置的可行性,对采用填埋、焚烧+填埋、堆肥+填埋处置生活垃圾的投资、社会等综合效益进行了分析。结果表明,焚烧+填埋的处置方式虽然在占用土地量、稳定化时间、减量化程度以及废物削减率等方面具有特殊的优势,但由于投资和处理费用过高,使这一方法在应用中受到限制。从技术、经济、政策等方面综合可虑,采用堆肥+简易填埋的处置方式是比较适合杨凌生活垃圾的特点。     

Forecasting the effects of EU policy measures on the nitrate pollution of groundwater and surface waters

We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin (Germany) using an area differentiated (100 m × 100 m) approach.REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil.For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union (EU) groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO 3 -N/L,effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015.The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015.The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate.From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures.Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.     

现代非培养技术在反硝化微生物种群结构和功能研究中的应用

反硝化过程对于废水生物脱氮工艺的运行、土壤肥分的流失以及N2O的排放均具有重要意义,但参与反硝化过程的微生物种类繁多且多数不可培养,导致对自然环境中反硝化微生物的种群结构及功能的研究具有很大难度.现代非培养分子技术的发展使得对反硝化微生物进行原位、准确、全面的研究成为可能.对反硝化功能基因进行指纹图谱分析、定量PCR或者利用FISH等技术可以有效确定反硝化菌的组成和数量,通过检测反硝化酶和mRNA可将反硝化菌的种群鉴定与代谢活性联系起来,最近新出现的同位素底物标记技术甚至可直接确定反硝化菌的碳源利用情况.重点介绍了上述各种现代非培养技术对反硝化细菌种群结构和功能的研究现状,以期为深入了解反硝化微生物的多样性和功能特性提供参考.