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591.
典型喀斯特坡地137Cs的分布与相关影响因子研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过野外考察和大量的137Cs取样分析,对喀斯特坡地土壤137Cs分布及相关影响因子进行了初步研究.结果表明,喀斯特区域137Cs剖面分布特征与非喀斯特区域相似,林地土壤剖面137Cs呈现指数分布模式,耕地剖面的137Cs呈均匀分布模式;喀斯特区域落水洞洞口45 cm以上土层中的137Cs比活度变幅为1.7~3.3 Bq/kg,137Cs分布较深,表明洞口现存土壤多由侵蚀物质堆积形成;2个石缝中的土壤样品137Cs比活度分别为16.8 Bq/kg和37.6 Bq/kg,远远高于临近土体,表明裸岩是影响喀斯特区域137Cs地表空间运移的一个重要因素;随坡面海拔升高,137Cs的面积活度表现出波动振荡趋势,空间异质性明显,林地和农耕地坡面137Cs面积活度变幅分别为299.4~1 592.6 Bq/m2和115.8~1 478.6 Bq/m2;林地坡面137Cs面积活度与坡度和海拔高度呈极显著正相关,农耕地坡面137Cs面积活度和坡度呈不明显的负相关,与海拔高度呈显著负相关.地形地貌和人为干扰强度是影响坡面137Cs空间分布规律的主要因素. 相似文献
592.
针对目前水体中MCPA检测灵敏度不够,缺乏一种无需前处理、可直接上机、简单便捷方法的问题,以超高液相色谱串联质谱仪,建立了一种以电喷雾离子源ESI-为电离模式、MRM为监测模式、可直接进样测定水体中MCPA残留的方法。结果表明,最优方法条件为定量离子对199.0/140.9(m/z),流动相乙腈和水梯度洗脱,色谱柱Acquity UPLC HSS T3。在MCPA质量浓度为0.1~100μg/L范围内线性良好(R2=99.99%),检出限为0.006μg/L,定量限为0.018μg/L,是现有直接进样法的23~83倍,完全满足水体中MCPA的检测要求(<0.1μg/L)。在添加水平为1~100μg/L时,回收率为94.30%~105.60%,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.61%,具有前处理简单、准确性高、精密度好、灵敏度高等优点。 相似文献
593.
Increased egg estradiol concentration feminizes digit ratios of male pheasants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phasianus colchicus</Emphasis>) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The length ratio between individual digits differs between males and females in humans, other mammals, lizards, and one bird
species. Sexual dimorphism in digit ratios and variation among individuals of the same sex may depend on differential exposure
to androgens and estrogens during embryonic life. Organizational effects of sex hormones could cause the observed correlations
between digit ratios and diverse phenotypic traits in humans. However, no study has investigated experimentally the effect
of prenatal estrogens on digit ratios. We analyzed the effect of estradiol injection in ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs on digit ratios. Males from control eggs had higher ratios between the second or third and the fourth digit of the
right foot compared to females. Estradiol-treated eggs produced males with lower (feminized) right foot second to fourth digit
ratio. Thus, we provided the first experimental evidence that prenatal exposure to physiologically high estrogen levels affects
bird digit ratios. 相似文献
594.
A. Bhatia A. GhoshV. Kumar R. TomerS.D. Singh H. Pathak 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):21-28
Physiological changes in crop plants in response to the elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) may alter N and C cycles in soil. This may also affect the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of radiatively important greenhouse gases (GHGs), e.g. methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil. A study was carried out during July to November of 2007 and 2008 in the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil. Rice crop was grown in open top chambers (OTC) under elevated ozone (EO), non-filtered air (NF), charcoal filtered air (CF) and ambient air (AA). Seasonal mean concentrations of O3 were 4.3 ± 0.9, 26.2 ± 1.9, 59.1 ± 4.2 and 27.5 ± 2.3 ppb during year 2007 and 5.9 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 2.5, 69.7 ± 3.9 and 39.2 ± 1.8 ppb during year 2008 for treatments CF, NF, EO and AA, respectively. Cumulative seasonal CH4 emission reduced by 29.7% and 40.4% under the elevated ozone (EO) compared to the non-filtered air (NF), whereas the emission increased by 21.5% and 16.7% in the charcoal filtered air (CF) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cumulative seasonal emission of N2O ranged from 47.8 mg m−2 in elevated ozone to 54.6 mg m−2 in charcoal filtered air in 2007 and from 46.4 to 62.1 mg m−2 in 2008. Elevated ozone reduced grain yield by 11.3% and 12.4% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) per unit of rice yield was the least under elevated ozone levels. Dissolved organic C content of soil was lowest under the elevated ozone treatment. Decrease in availability of substrate i.e., dissolved organic C under elevated ozone resulted in a decline in GHG emissions. Filtration of ozone from ambient air increased grain yield and growth parameters of rice and emission of GHGs. 相似文献
595.
利用水热法制备了A0.925(MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5∶Dy03.+05(A=Ca、Sr、Ba)固溶体微晶。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分析(FA)等测试手段对微晶结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征。结果表明A0.925(MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5∶Dy03+.05(A=Ca、Sr、Ba)复合钨钼酸盐微晶均呈现典型的四方晶相白钨矿结构。荧光光谱中的480nm处的偶合双峰和575nm处的锐而强的黄发射峰,分别对应于稀土离子Dy3+的4F9/2→6 H15/2和4F9/2→6 H13/2跃迁。其中具有球状颗粒(尺寸为0.7μm)形貌的Ca0.925(MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5∶Dy03.+05微晶的发射峰强度最强,在光学材料中具有潜在应用。 相似文献
596.
597.
采用Fe(NO)3.39H2O和FeSO.47H2O混凝剂处理模拟大红染料废水,通过改变各药剂投加量及废水pH值,考察其对废水COD和色度的去除效果。实验结果表明:两种混凝剂在处理大红染料废水中都表现出了较好的脱色性能,而Fe(NO3)3.9H2O的去除性能较FeSO.47H2O更为优越。Fe(NO)3.39H2O对染料废水的脱色作用十分显著,所有的脱色率都在86%以上。当投加量为0.18 g时,脱色率达最大值93.3%;当投加量为0.24 g时,COD去除率为63.6%。FeSO.47H2O对废水色度的去除效果好于COD的去除。其最佳投加量为1.5 g,此时,脱色率达82.4%;当投加量为0.9 g时,COD去除率为51.8%。Fe(NO)3.39H2O在pH为5.0~9.0之间处理效果都较好,当pH=8时,其脱色率最高,为93.4%;FeSO.47H2O在pH为6.0~8.0之间最佳,当pH=8时,脱色率最高为83.2%。 相似文献
598.
599.
Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol under P-modified TiO2/UV system:Kinetics, intermediates, phytotoxicity and acute toxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A series of phosphorus-modified titanium dioxide samples with varying P/Ti atomic ratio were conveniently prepared via a conventional solgel route. The effects of phosphorus content and calcination temperature on the crystalline structure, grain growth, surface area, and the photocatalytic activity of P-modified TiO2 were investigated. The XRD results showed that P species slow down the particle growth of anatase and increase the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperature to more than 900℃. Kinetic studies on the P-modified TiO2 to degraded 4-chlorophenol had found that the TP5500 prepared by adopting a P/Ti atomic ratio equal to 0.05 and calcined at 500℃ had an apparent rate constant equal to 0.0075 min-1, which is superior to the performance of a commercial photocatalyst Degussa P25 Kapp = 0.0045 min-1 and of unmodified TiO2 (TP0500) Kapp = 0.0022 min-1. From HPLC analyses, various hydroxylated intermediates formed during oxidation had been identified, including hydroquinone (HQ), benzoquinone (BQ) and (4CC) 4-chlorocatechol as main products. Phytotoxicity was assessed before and after irradiation against seed germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) whereas acute toxicity was assessed by using Folsomia candida as the test organism. Intermediates products were all less toxic than 4-chlorophenol and a significant removal of the overall toxicity was accomplished 相似文献
600.