雷电过程中SO2产生COS的模拟研究

采用火花放电的方法研究大气对流层中雷电反应产生COS的可能，以气相色谱、红外光谱为主要分析手段，对SO2－CH4－O2体系的反应进行了研究。结果表明，该体系在火花放电条件下会生成COS。原料气的初始强、放电时间和外加气体对COS的生成量都有影响。生成的COS也会在放电条件下分解。基于此，对该放电反应的机理作了探讨，并估算了清洁及污染大气中可能生成的COS的浓度。     

FeSO_4液相催化氧化烟气脱硫实验研究

在填料塔中进行了FeSO4 液相催化氧化烟气脱硫的实验。通过正交实验确定了各因素对脱硫率影响大小 ,得到了实验范围内最有利脱硫的条件。进一步研究了空塔气速、吸收温度和SO2 入口浓度对脱硫率的影响 ,确定了适宜操作条件 ,在此条件下连续运行 ,80min内脱硫率逐渐下降 ,之后脱硫率下降趋缓 ,反应进行到 180min时脱硫率达 5 1.2 % ,吸收液 pH与脱硫率变化几乎同步 ,且具有一定的缓冲能力     

Mg(BH_4)_2和MgH_2对RDX热分解特性的影响

在黑索今(RDX)中加入具有高热值的金属氢化物(Mg(BH4)2和MgH2)有望提高RDX的爆炸性能,但同时给RDX的安全使用带来挑战。为了探索RDX与这2种金属氢化物的相容性与安定性,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究Mg(BH4)2和MgH2对RDX热分解性能的影响,并由DSC得到的数据计算动力学参数,参照GJB770B—2005的方法分析这2种金属氢化物与RDX的相容性和安定性。结果表明,加入Mg(BH4)2使RDX的表观活化能从159.22 kJ/mol增加至180.27 kJ/mol,加入MgH2使RDX的表观活化能降低至133.69 kJ/mol;Mg(BH4)2与RDX的相容性为1级,MgH2与RDX的相容性为3级,加入Mg(BH4)2使RDX的安定性有所提高,加入MgH2降低了RDX的安定性。因此,在将MgH2作为RDX的高能添加剂以前,必须首先提高其与RDX的相容性以保证试验和存储过程的安全。     

A monitoring-modeling approach to SO42 − and NO3− secondary conversion ratio estimation during haze periods in Beijing, China

SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- are important chemical components of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),especially during haze periods.This study selected two haze episodes in Beijing,China with similar meteorological conditions.A monitoring-modeling approach was developed to estimate the secondary conversion ratios of sulfur and nitrogen based on monitored and simulated concentrations.Measurements showed that in Episode 1(24th–25th October,2014),the concentrations(proportions)of SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- reached 35.1μg/m~3(14.9%) and 55.0μg/m~3(22.9%),while they reached 14.4μg/m~3(9.3%) and 59.1μg/m~3(38.1%)in Episode 2(26th–27th October,2017).A modeling system was applied to apportion Beijing's SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- in primary and secondary SO_4~(2-)/NO_3~- emitted from local and regional sources.Thus,secondary conversion contributions considering the local and regional level were defined.The former primarily focused on Beijing atmospheric oxidation ability and the latter mainly considered the existence form of Beijing SO_4~(2-)/NO_3~- under the regional transport impacts.Finally,secondary oxidation ratios were estimated through combining secondary conversion contribution coefficients for simulated and monitored concentrations.At regional level,sulfur oxidation ratios in polluted(clean)days during two sampling periods were0.57–0.72(0.07–0.52)and 0.74–0.80(0.08–0.61),nitrogen oxidation ratios were 0.20–0.29(0.05–0.15)and 0.34–0.38(0.02–0.29),indicating that atmospheric oxidation was enhanced when considering regional transport through 2014–2017.At the local level,sulfur oxidation ratios were 0.66–0.71(0.04–0.48)in haze(clean)days,while nitrogen oxidation ratios were0.16–0.29(0.02–0.16).The atmospheric oxidation ability markedly increased in PM_(2.5)pollution days,but changed only slightly between the two periods.     

4-壬基酚臭氧氧化中雌激素活性变化的影响因素

采用有效的重组基因酵母检测方法,研究了不同影响因素下水中典型内分泌干扰物4-壬基酚(4-NP)在臭氧氧化过程中雌激素活性的变化规律.结果表明,臭氧能迅速氧化4-NP,并有效地去除其雌激素活性;臭氧氧化过程中,水中高臭氧浓度、低pH值、低悬浮物含量、低·OH抑制剂浓度以及适量的腐殖酸浓度均有利于降低4-NP的雌激素活性.     

Pure and Mg-doped self-assembled ZnO nano-particles for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol

A novel self-assembled pure and Mg doped ZnO nano-particles （NPs） were successfully synthesized by a simple low temperature co-precipitation method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution scanning electron mi- croscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy. The results indicated that the prepared photocatalysts showed high crystallinity with a uniform size distribution of the NPs. The degradation of cholorphenols is highly mandatory in today＇s scenario as they are affecting the environment adversely. Thus, the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP）, a potent endocrine disrupting chemical in aqueous medium was investigated by both pure and Mg-doped ZnO NPs under UV-light irradiation in the present study. The influence of the Mg content on the structure, morphology, PL character and photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs were investigated systematically. Furthermore,the effect of different parameters such as 4-CP concentration, photocatalyst amount, pH and UV-light wavelength on the resulting photocatalytic activity was investigated.     

不同酸性气体及相对湿度对海盐氯损耗过程的影响

使用在广州南村站、深圳竹子林站及西涌站的MARGA仪器实测资料,分析了不同酸性气体及相对湿度对海盐氯损耗过程的影响.在分析深圳竹子林站、西涌站的海盐氯损耗中发现,竹子林站氯损耗平均为48.0％,西涌站海盐氯损耗平均为56.9％,氯损耗的峰值一般出现于下午14时.西涌站、竹子林站和广州南村站酸性气体和碱性气体均以HNO2、SO2、NH3为主,但各站点的比例分布不同,西涌站以HNO2最多(42％),SO2(32％)次之;竹子林站以NH3与SO2为主,百分比分别为36％和34％;广州南村站以SO2为主(58％),NH3次之(20％);而三站HNO3所占比例很小,均为7％.另外,分析了HCl的来源,主要关注了海盐粒子中的NaCl与HNO3反应、NH4Cl的挥发及H2SO4与NaCl的反应这3个来源,发现西涌站与竹子林站HCl和HNO3之间的线性关系较好(R2西涌=0.689,R2竹子林=0.594),说明西涌站与竹子林站的HCl主要来源于NaCl与HNO3反应过程中Cl被HNO3置换而成;而广州南村站二者线性关系较差(R2南村=0.295),说明还存在其他的损耗机制.在研究相对湿度对氯损耗的影响中发现,相对湿度低时氯损耗更容易发生.     

臭氧生物活性炭工艺深度处理微污染原水

以广州东江水源为原水,研究了臭氧生物活性炭深度处理工艺对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:实验期间炭滤出水高锰酸盐指数、NH4+-N、NO2--N和浊度指标平均值分别为1.09mg/L、0.04mg/L、0.003mg/L和0.42ntu,平均去除率达65.34%、96.03%、98.24%和96.33%。所测项目相对于国家新颁布的《生活饮用水卫生标准》(5479-2006)达标率为100%。     

生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田氨挥发排放的影响

以养分回用为目的,在原状土柱模拟试验条件下,采用间歇密闭式抽气法研究了生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田田面水铵态氮浓度、田面水pH以及稻田氨挥发损失的影响.结果表明:1麦秸还田显著增加了田面水NH_4~+-N浓度,生活污水灌溉则显著降低了田面水NH_4~+-N浓度.2正常灌溉施肥秸秆不还田稻田处理的总氨挥发量为58.29 kg·hm-2,占总施氮量的24.29%;麦秸还田显著增加了稻田的氨挥发损失,氨挥发损失量增加了近一倍,达总施氮量的45.66%;而生活污水灌溉显著降低了稻田氨挥发损失量,氨挥发损失量降至总施肥量的17.26%(秸秆不还田)和32.72%(秸秆还田).秸秆还田与生活污水处理具有显著的正交互作用.在3个肥期中,分蘖肥期氨挥发损失率最高,占总氮肥用量的7.38%~24.44%.3无论秸秆还田与否,氨挥发通量与田面水NH_4~+-N浓度之间均存在极显著的正相关关系,与田面水pH值则相关性不显著.麦秸还田增加了稻田氨挥发损失,而麦秸还田与生活污水灌溉耦合能降低稻田氨挥发损失,同时污水中的氮可替代44.41%的化肥氮,减少稻季化肥用量,具有显著的生态环境效益.     

CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants

Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process(A2O) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4emissions. CH4can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4emission flux and the dissolved CH4concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52%(mean: 67.96%) in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31%(mean: 47.62%) in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4 /(person·year) for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4 /(person·year) for the SBR process.