导线接续管钢套对放线滑车的冲击计算方法及接触过程分析*

为解决输电线路放线施工过程中常见的导线接续管钢套对放线滑车的冲击问题,构建由导线、钢套及滑车等部件组成的多体运动系统,提出适用于各类情况的导线、钢套与滑车的接触判断方法。根据各部件的运动关系,给出各个质点的作用力表达式,并通过钢套长度约束、钢套与滑车的接触约束等隐式方程提出钢套单元内力、滑车对钢套接触力的计算方法。基于有限质点法形成可分析钢套对滑车冲击作用的多体运动系统计算方法,并结合张力放线施工实际,对不同悬挂长度下钢套冲击滑车过程中接触力、牵引力进行计算分析;针对影响接续管钢套性能的主要因素,完成6种因素下钢套通过放线滑车运动过程组合工况的计算。结果表明:导线张力、张力角度、牵引角度对钢套与滑车的接触力有较大影响。提出的钢套对滑车冲击计算方法可为接续管钢套及滑车的精细化结构设计提供更为准确的参考。     

在线大气汞分析仪渗透管标定方法研究

为了实现在线大气汞分析仪的自动标定,本文选用商用的汞渗透管,自主设计了渗透恒温装置(控温精度为0.1℃),搭建了大气汞分析仪的标定模块,利用该模块建立了3种标定方法.与本实验组研发的在线大气汞分析仪联用对3种方法进行对比研究.①稀释气法:与经典的渗透管动态配气法相同,通过改变稀释气体流量(1-5 L,精度为20 mL)...     

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠分光光度法测定铜的简便快速方法的探讨

水中可溶性铜和总铜的测定,有条件的实验室都使用原子吸收法测定,但对于一般的企业的污水处理部门,按照国家环境保护标准《水质铜的测定二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠分光光度法》(HJ 485—2009),使用分光光度计进行分析,也可满足要求。该方法原理是在氨性溶液中(pH=8～10),铜与二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠作用生成黄棕色络合物,络合物用四氯化碳或三氯甲烷萃取,在440nm波长处测量吸光度。本文对该方法进行探讨,采用缩少采样量和试剂用量(为原来的十分一),采用具塞的密闭比色管代替分液漏洞,减少工作强度和四氯化碳用量,与原方法相比更具经济性和更绿色环保。     

Effects of various pretreatment methods on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate

Effects on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate was studied.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理马铃薯淀粉废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化法对马铃薯淀粉废水进行预处理,利用正交试验方法确定最佳反应条件为:p(Fe2+)为1500 mg/L;反应时间为250 min;p(H2O2)为105 mg/L;pH值为4.在最佳条件下,该方法对马铃薯淀粉废水的COD去除率最高可达42.4%.可作为马铃薯淀粉废水的有效预处理方法.     

预处理-生化-气浮工艺处理精制棉废水

以某精制棉生产有限公司精制棉废水处理工程为例,介绍预处理-生化处理-气浮工艺处理精制棉废水的工程应用,总结并分析了工程设计及运行经验。设计处理流量2 000 m3/d,进水CODCr,BOD5,SS质量浓度分别为1 200,623,567 mg/L;运行结果表明:经该组合工艺处理后,出水CODCr,BOD5,SS等水质指标均满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二级排放标准。     

我国碳纳米管发展及应用

碳纳米管又称巴基管（CarbonNanotube）,隶属于一种具有特殊结构（径向尺寸为2—20nm量级,轴向尺寸为微米量级、管子两端基本上都封口）的一维量子材料,主要由呈六边形排列的碳原子构成数层到数十层的同轴圆管。     

高锰酸钾复合药剂对煤矿生活污水深度处理的强化混凝效应

在煤矿生活污水深度处理的混凝处理前,投加高锰酸钾复合药剂（PPC）预处理,研究了PPC的对混凝处理的强化效应。实验结果表明：PPC预处理对煤矿生活污水深度处理的混凝处理具有很好的强化效应,能显著提高聚合氯化铝（PAC）的对CODMn和浊度的去除率;当PPC的投加量为4 mg/L时,CODMn和浊度的去除率分别提高21%和40%。