微波消解－ICP－AES法测底泥中的铜、镍等金属元素

采用微波消解－ICP－AES法测定底泥中的铜、镍等金属元素。通过实验和加标回收率的测定,回收率在88～102％之间。     

ICP-AES法测定煤矸石中的Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr

取1.000g矸石样品于聚四氟乙烯坩埚中,加入5mLH2O2放置过夜,加6mL浓HCl,4mL浓HNO3,在微波炉中消解至近干,再加2mLHF,继续消解至粘稠状,用温热稀HCl溶解残渣,转入50mL容量瓶中,加1%HNO3定容,用ICP-AES法测定煤矸中Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr。在选定的测定条件下,检出限分别为0.013mg/L、0.0044mg/L、0.0014mg/L和0.0069mg/L;精密度的相对标准偏差分别为2.9%、3.4%、3.1%、2.1%;准确度实验铬的回收率在97.5%～106.0%之间。     

废物水泥窑共处置产品中Ni释放的pH影响

通过模拟煅烧实验制取水泥熟料,并制取混凝土样品。参照NEN7375浸出方法,设定5种不同pH值的浸取液,研究了pH值对混凝土块中重金属Ni释放的影响.结果表明,浸取液的pH=2.00、3.50、5.00、7.35和10.0时,混凝土中Ni的累积释放量分别为1.64、0.167、0.038、0.019和0.025mg/kg;酸性范围内,累积释放量随着pH值的增大而减小,并在弱碱性条件下达到最小值,碱性范围内,随pH值的增大而呈增加的趋势。pH值对Ni的释放过程有影响,pH=3.50和7.35的浸取液中,混凝土中Ni的释放机理为扩散控制,释放曲线与斜率为0.5的直线拟合较佳,且不同区间浸出量曲线的斜率均在0.35～0.65范围内;pH=2.00和5.00的溶液中,Ni的释放在前、中期为扩散控制,后期发生了耗竭作用;pH为10.0条件下,Ni的释放在前期发生了延滞现象,中期为扩散控制,而后期发生了耗竭。     

零价铁对重金属和硝酸根的同步去除研究

为考察零价铁粉(Fe^O)同步快速处理废水中多种污染物的可能性,研究了Fe^０同步处理Cu²⁺、 Ni²⁺、 Cr(Ⅵ)等重金属离子和硝酸根.实验结果表明,硝酸盐对重金属离子的去除无明显影响,而不同重金属离子则对硝酸盐的去除有不同的影响.Fe^０同步去除水中的NO^-₃和Cu²⁺时,明显地提高了硝酸盐的去除率和反应速度,反应120 min使NO^-₃的去除率从38.2%提高到了95.0％,相应反应速率常数k_obs也从0.004 3 min^-1提高到了0.033 9 min^-1,且k_obs与Cu²⁺的初始浓度呈线性关系.Fe^０同步去除水中的NO^-₃ 和Cu²⁺时,由于Cu²⁺的存在,使得铁还原NO^-₃的表观活化能由40.8 　kJ·mol^-1降低到21.1 　kJ·mol^-1. 从而加快了Fe^０还原NO^-₃的反应速度.Fe^０同步去除水中的NO^-₃ 和Ni²⁺时,它们之间的相互影响较小.Fe^０同步去除水中的NO^-₃和Cr(Ⅵ)时,溶液中的硝酸盐浓度几乎保持不变,Cr(Ⅵ)的存在明显阻碍了铁粉还原脱除硝酸盐反应的发生.     

碳纳米管负载的镍及其氧化物对高毒气体PH3的催化分解性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了均一负载于碳纳米管(CNTs)载体的金属Ni和NiO,将其应用于PH3催化分解反应.通过XRD、TEM、XPS、BET等一系列检测手段,对样品的相结构、形貌、组分和比表面积进行了表征.研究结果表明,反应过程中,Ni和NiO很快被磷化为高活性的金属磷化物NiP2,作为反应的活性相.在420℃温度下,两样品对PH3的催化分解率均可达到99.5%以上.将反应中原位生成的NiP2进行催化反应,较钝化-还原的处理方式更有利于样品催化性能的保持.     

Co- or Ni-modified Sn-MnOx low-dimensional multi-oxides for high-efficient NH3-SCR De-NOx: Performance optimization and reaction mechanism

NH₃-SCR performances were explored to the relationship between structure morphology and physio-chemical properties over low-dimensional ternary Mn-based catalysts prepared by one-step synthesis method.Due to its strong oxidation performance,Sn-MnOx was prone to side reactions between NO,NH₃ and O₂,resulting in the generation of more NO₂ and N₂ O,here most of N₂ O was driven from the non-selective oxidation of NH₃,while ...     

镉镍密封蓄电池的清洁生产实践

通过清洁生产实践，对镉镍密封蓄电池的生产工艺进行评估、改造，加大实施规范化清洁生产审计力度，达到了节能、降耗、减污、增效的目的。     

掺Ni^2＋的TiO2颗粒光催化性能的研究

通过溶胶．凝胶法制备掺杂Ni^2＋的纳米TiO2，并用XRD和TEM进行了表征，发现Ni^2＋的掺杂减小了TiO2颗粒的粒径，Ni2＋／TiO2晶型为锐钛型。通过对目标物罗丹明B的光催化降解实验，发现Ni^2＋的掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性，其降解罗丹明B的反应遵从一级反应动力学方程，Ni^2＋惨杂量为1．2％时的光催化活性最高。     

Second german heavy-metal survey by means of mosses,and comparison of the first and second approach in germany and other european countries

This paper shows the geographic distribution in Germany of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed in mosses in 1995/96 and compares it with the results of the 1990/91 pilot study within a European moss-monitoring programme. Other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti, V, Zn) are compared on basis of the overall element medians for Germany of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 survey. Samples of Pleurozium schreberi, Scleropodium purum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Hylocomium splendens were taken at a total of 1026 sites. In the 1995/96 monitoring campaign, 95% of the original sites of the 1990/91 study were resampled. The results from 1995/96 display local elevated values and many cases of areas affected by known sources of heavy-metal emissions. The industrialized and urban regions of Germany are shown up clearly by the 1995/96 moss-monitoring results: the Ruhr area, parts of Saarland and Baden-Württemberg, as well as areas in eastern Germany. Relatively low values for many elements were found in large areas of Lower Saxony and Bavaria. A comparison of the results of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 moss-monitoring programmes shows a fall in the concentration of the presented elements (except cadmium, copper and zinc) over the relevant period. Especially in the former GDR, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) decreased significantly. This is, firstly, a reflection of the closure of and/or technological improvements to large power plants; secondly it is due to the fact that lignite has given way to other fuels. Vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), typical constituents of crude oil, also show a decrease in the western part and thus document changes in the type of fuel consumed. The significant fall in lead concentration in 1995/96 as compared to 1990/91 in what used to be East and West Germany probably results from the increasing use of lead-free petrol. A comparison of the median values for 1990/91 and 1995/96 in mosses to the rate of emission of heavy metals in Germany for 1990 and 1995 shows similar trends in the case of elements such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The comparison of the medians of the elements analyzed for 19 European countries indicates for most of the elements a general tendency to lower values in 1995, except for Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and United Kingdom.     

Ni/Ce-Y沸石的制备及其对二苯并噻吩吸附研究

研究了负载二元金属NiCe-Y沸石的制备以及吸附二苯并噻吩的动力学性能。试验考察了二元金属Ni、Ce离子交换顺序、负载溶液方面对吸附剂制备的影响,初步得到了制备负载二元金属NiCe-Y吸附剂的优化条件。对NiCe-Y吸附剂进行脱硫性能评价及动力学分析,结果表明,负载二元金属NiCe-Y吸附剂比负载单一金属的Ni-Y吸附量提高31%,比Ce-Y吸附剂提高16%。