多因素作用下同庭湖洪水调蓄量的变化

用实测资料分析比较了出口水位31．0m时,洞庭湖调蓄量的变化趋势及影响调蓄量的各种因素。用多元线性回归方法建立了调蓄量经验公式,并用该公式计算分析了各因素对调蓄量变化的影响。结果表明,该公式能够较全面地反映调蓄量变化的原因,且能够近似区分淤积和围垦对调蓄量的影响。     

弹上电子部件加速因子估计方法研究

目的 针对高可靠长寿命的弹上电子部件在实际贮存环境温度起伏变化的情况,研究基于等效温度的加速因子估计方法。方法 首先剖析弹上电子部件失效机理,然后基于阿伦尼斯模型,分析加速应力与实际环境温度的对应关系,求解实际环境等效温度,进而估计加速因子,最后通过某型导弹综合控制器中的时序控制电路板,验证该方法的工程适用性。结果 该方法能够真实反映环境温度情况,且与传统加权平均温度计算方法相比,加速因子估计和加速试验时间预测更准确,且随着实际环境温度起伏的增大,优势更加明显。结论 该方法在实际贮存环境温度起伏变化的情况下,能够有效提高加速因子估计和加速寿命试验时间预测的准确性,为弹上电子部件加速寿命试验方案设计提供可靠依据,对其他高可靠长寿命产品的加速因子估计也具有一定的参考价值。     

低中放废物处置FEPs清单的构建——以飞凤山处置场为例

识别所有影响其长期安全的有关因素,即特征(Features)、事件(Events)和过程(Processes) (FEPs),是放射性废物处置场安全全过程系统分析的关键过程之一.我国目前低中放固体废物处置环境影响评价中未开展FEPs识别和景象开发.拟以飞凤山处置场为例,选择自下而土方法的构建方法,对如何建立我国的低中放...     

Ecological service assessment of human-dominated freshwater ecosystem with a case study in Yangzhou Prefecture, China

Freshwater ecosystems provide a host of services to humanity. These services are now rapidly being lost, not least because of the inability of making the impacts measurable. To overcome this obstacle, assessment frameworks for freshwater ecosystem services are needed. A simple water equivalent framework to assess the ecological services provided by freshwater ecosystems was developed in this study. It translated the occupation of freshwater ecosystem services into biologically freshwater volumes and then compares this consumption to the freshwater throughput, that is, the ecological capacity available in this region. In this way, we use the example of Yangzhou Prefecture, to account the main categories of human occupation of water ecosystem services. The result showed that there is a huge gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services. This must encourage local government to make land-use and water management decisions both economically rational and environmentally sound.     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

高突矿井大采高工作面瓦斯抽采技术及实践

为解决大采高厚煤层工作面回采期间瓦斯超限难题,应用顶板走向长钻孔中位钻孔和下临近层底板定向长钻孔等瓦斯抽采措施,对回采面瓦斯进行了多源头治理。通过对顶板走向长钻孔的抽采效果考察,确定其垂直层位为40±5 m范围、水平层位为50±10 m范围为最佳瓦斯抽采区域;中位钻孔合理的垂直层位为20 m左右,水平层位为45~50 m范围抽采效果最佳;下临近层底板定向长钻孔是拦截下部5#煤和7#煤向上部采掘空间涌出瓦斯的有效手段,其最佳的水平层位为距巷道轮廓线20 m范围,垂直层位为钻孔布置在下临近层煤层中。通过对3种不同瓦斯治理措施的综合评价考察,确定顶板走向长钻孔是治理回采面最为有效的措施,其抽采量占工作面回采期间总抽采量的79.6%,中位钻孔抽采和下临近层底板定向长钻孔抽采是回采面回采期间的辅助性措施。措施使用后,工作面上隅角瓦斯浓度保持在0.4%~0.6%之间,有效保证了工作面的安全高效回采。     

基于EOS/MODIS数据的近10a青海湖遥感监测

选取青海湖周边地区气候资料及青海湖近10 a MODIS遥感资料,通过分析水体面积和水位、 年均气温和年降水量的变化揭示青海湖面积的变化趋势。对青海湖近10 a遥感监测以及青海湖周边地区气候要素的分析研究结果表明:在2001-2010年10 a来青海湖周边地区年平均气温显著增加,平均每年升温0.12℃,年降水量在波动中呈上升趋势。青海湖水位虽然在近50 a内持续下降,而在2001-2010年呈现逐年增加的趋势,且增加趋势非常明显。从MODIS遥感资料对青海湖10 a来4月和9月的湖水面积监测结果显示,4月和9月青海湖面积在2001-2010年呈现波动上升趋势,且与4月和9月的水位呈极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为0.818和0.875(P<0.05)。近年来由于气候变化导致的青海北部一些地区降水量增多或气候变湿,而暖湿型的气候导致的降水量增多最终可能是水位升高的主要原因,且这种气候变湿的趋势使10 a来青海湖面积增大趋势明显。     

Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD12

A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater.     

公路边土壤和水稻中铅的分布,累积及临界含量

在距公路５、１０、５０、１００、２００ｍ准备收割的稻田中同时采集土壤及稻米样品。对２条公路的样品分析结果表明，汽车尾气中铅的污染大多集中在公路两侧５０ｍ左右的范围内。土壤自身性质对路边土壤及水稻中铅的分布、累积具有显著影响。经壤水稻中铅的累积量小于重壤水稻土，但轻壤水稻糙米的含铅量却高于重壤。轻壤中土壤含铅量和糙米含铅量之间具有相关关系。探讨了公路边土壤的临界含量问题，推算出轻壤中此值为５８ｍｇ／     

个旧地区环境中氡水平及其与地质特点的关系

为了研究个旧地区环境中氡的浓度及分布、运移规律,采用ＳＳＮＴＤ方法,于１９９０－１９９２年间在个旧地区进行了氡的环境地质野外考察和土壤、居室内布点监测,共获４７９个数据。结果表明,尽管在个旧地区未发现铀、钍矿物,土壤氡水平普遍超过世界地壳土壤氡水平均值。居民室内氡水平均值高达４７１．９Ｂｑ·ｍ－３,远高于我国部分省、市近年来所测氡水平值,位于断裂带的居室氡水平高于远离断裂带的居室。个旧地区室内氡夏季高,冬季低,与一些国内、外有关报道结果相反。氡水平与楼层高度呈正相关,顶层为底层的２．７０倍。调查结果可能与个旧地区的环境地质因素有关。建议采取远离地质断裂带建房和防止上升气流逸入室内的防氡辐射进而防癌的措施。