亿元GDP死亡率与区域发展水平的相关性分析

为探讨亿元GDP死亡率与区域发展水平之间的关系,选择能够反映区域整体发展水平,又与安全生产密切相关的影响因素,通过统计年鉴获取大量数据的基础上,从时间和空间2个维度,采用SPSS数据统计软件对亿元GDP死亡率和13个定量影响因素、5个定性影响因素之间的Spearman相关系数进行计算,排除区域发展水平的极度差异,在总体趋势上,亿元GDP死亡率与各相关因素的相关性在时间和空间2个维度上保持较好的一致性。计算结果表明,各地区可从提高经济发展水平、优化产业结构、大力发展科学教育事业、提高医疗卫生水平和健全法制体系等方面降低亿元GDP死亡率,改善当地的安全生产水平,该结论能为各区域控制亿元GDP死亡率,对安全生产进行宏观调控提供科学依据。     

现役近海老龄平台延寿决策模型

为合理预测老龄平台的动态经济寿命,降低复杂不确定服役环境对平台的运营风险,建立老龄平台延寿决策综合模糊评判模型的结构流程。从影响平台服役状态的工程因素、结构因素、荷载因素和风险因素4个维度进行分析和调整,构建阶层结构;采用模糊理论建立正倒值矩阵,综合专家意见计算各因素权重;引入凹陷因子、裂纹因子、腐蚀因子以及冰荷载因子对影响因素进行合理量化,建立海洋石油老龄平台延寿决策评分准则;采用逻辑运算计算综合评分,建立老龄平台延寿决策参考表,进而依据该表确定平台延寿基准期;利用决策模型对2座海洋平台进行延寿决策,并将其结果与传统评判结果进行对比分析。结果表明,采用本模型能够更加精确地描述平台的动态经济寿命,为复杂不确定环境的老龄平台延寿决策提供一种新的计算思路。     

京杭大运河江南城镇段表层沉积物重金属富集水平及潜在生态风险评价

以京杭大运河9个江南城镇段表层沉积物为研究对象,研究具城镇源特征的重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr）在表层沉积物中的富集水平及其潜在生态风险.结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd在大运河城镇段表层沉积物中显著富集,分别为所属长江沉积物相应背景值的1.2—6.4、1.8—5.8、2.6—18.7和7.1—22.7倍,Cr...     

慢摇吧低音炮传递结构噪声控制研究

对于慢摇吧低音炮传递的结构噪声,采用新型隔声材料静馨隔声毡,结合岩棉等传统吸声材料,可克服传统吸隔声材料的低频吸隔声效果差和"吻合效应"等弱点,从而有效控制音炮传递的结构噪声。     

汾河底泥耗氧速率测试

以汾河运城段几个县界断面底泥和水质为实验目标,采用实验室测定方法,分别对在平水期、枯水期的底泥耗氧(SOD)速率进行测试,并对测试条件进行优化,对结果进行分析。研究表明,无论枯水期还是平水期,SOD总体变化趋势与河流水质污染(化学需氧量、氨氮)趋势基本一致。     

An agent based model to simulate structural and land use changes in agricultural systems of the argentine pampas

The Argentine Pampas, one of the main agricultural areas in the world, recently has undergone significant changes in land use and structural characteristics of agricultural production systems. Concerns about the environmental and societal impacts of the changes motivated development of an agent-based model (ABM) to gain insight on processes underlying recent observed patterns. The model is described following a standard protocol (ODD). Results are discussed for an initial set of simplified simulations performed to understand the processes that generated and magnified the changes in the Pampas. Changes in the structure of agricultural production and land tenure seem to be driven by differences among farmers’ ability to generate sufficient agricultural income to remain in business. In turn, as no off-farm or credit is modeled, economic sustainability is tied to initial resource endowment (area cropped). Farmers operating small areas are economically unviable and must lease out their farms to farmers operating larger areas. This leads to two patterns: (a) a concentration of production (fewer farmers operating larger areas) and, (b) an increase in the area operated by tenants. The simulations showed an increase of soybean area, linked to the higher profitability of this crop. Despite the stylized nature of initial simulations, all emerging patterns are highly consistent with changes observed in the Pampas.     

An evaluation approach using a HARA and FMEDA for the hardware SIL

Safety instrumented systems (SIS) are becoming increasingly complex, and form a growing proportion of programmable electronic parts. The IEC 61508 global standard was established to ensure the functional safety of SIS; however, it was expressed in highly macroscopic terms. The safety integrity level (SIL) is a criterion describing whether a component meets the safety requirements of a SIS. The safety requirements give a target SIL for the expected risks using hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA). The SIL must correspond to the safety requirements. This study introduces an evaluation process for determining the hardware SIL through failure modes, effects, and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA). First, the components of the SIS subsystem are defined in terms of failure modes and effects, and then the failure rate and failure mechanism distribution are assigned to each component. The safety mode and detectability of each failure mode are determined for each component and, finally, the hardware SIL is evaluated. We perform a case study to evaluate the hardware SIL of the flame scanner system using HARA and FMEDA, where the safety requirement of the flame scanner was determined using the risk graph method. We verified that the hardware SIL of the flame scanner corresponded to the safety requirement.     

Most Comfortable Listening Level and Speech Attenuation by Hearing Protectors

Hearing protectors attenuate both the background noise and the useful sounds embedded in noise such as the sounds of speech and warning signals. An effective hearing protector is one that attenuates background noise while leaving sufficient energy of speech and warning signals to reach the ear of the worker. At present, however, there are no established criteria for assessing effective change in speech-to-noise ratio caused by hearing protection devices (HPDs). One such criterion could be a change in most comfortable (listening) level (MCL) for speech caused by the presence of HPDs. In this study the HPD-related shift in MCL for speech presented in quiet was measured and compared with two measures of noise attenuation: Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) and high–medium–low (H–M–L). The results indicate that the MCL shift may be a sensitive measure of speech attenuation by HPDs, which together with the appropriate H–M–L may describe technical properties of HPDs.     

A Study on the Combined Effect of Noise and Vibration on Operators’ Performance of a Readability Task in a Mobile Driving Environment

This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators’ gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender.     

高位钻孔与采空区埋管瓦斯抽放技术对比研究

为了采取合理的瓦斯抽采技术,实现矿井安全高效开采,对朱集煤矿13—1煤层实行高位钻孔以及上隅角采空区埋管作为抽采瓦斯实验方案。通过对现场工程实践以及实测数据进行对比分析,得出了实验结果。结果表明：应用高位钻孔瓦斯抽采技术的抽采效果十分明显,且工程施工费用较低,易于生产管理,该抽采技术适用于朱集煤矿采空区瓦斯抽放。