基于覆岩裂隙带发育高度的走向高抽巷合理位置确定

为确定大采高综采面高抽巷的合理位置,以李村煤矿1303工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟及现场监测等研究方法,对1303工作面覆岩裂隙发育特征、高抽巷空间位置对其围岩稳定性与抽采效果的影响规律进行系统研究。研究结果表明:高抽巷宜布置在覆岩裂隙发育区,远离回风巷道采动应力影响的位置;1303工作面覆岩破坏范围随推进距离增加,呈现先急剧增大后趋于稳定的趋势,工作面推进距离为300 m时,裂隙带高度稳定在50 m左右,形成瓦斯抽采的优势通道;高抽巷距离煤层顶板、回风巷越近,越易失稳,不利于长期抽采,综合考虑高抽巷不同位置时的瓦斯抽采效率及围岩稳定性,确定其合理位置分别是距离回风巷平距为35 m,垂距为45 m;结合现场瓦斯浓度监测结果,得出上隅角、工作面、回风巷瓦斯浓度最大值分别为0.42%,0.24%,0.33%,远低于瓦斯超限标准1%,进一步证明高抽巷层位的合理布置,可以提高瓦斯抽采效果。     

焊接工程质量与焊接工程文件

焊接质量只能是过程控制作为国际焊接标准体系中的核心标准ISO 3834给出过程控制手段就是焊接工程文件对不同质量等级对应的文件要求不同,等级越高的焊接产品,其过程控制的文件也越多,控制点更细,保证产品达到高品质要求.与之对比某事故工程的反例,该工程的焊接文件漏项多,过程控制不能保障焊接工程的安全.通过对比国际标准,发现由于国内产品焊接标准不够成熟,没有规定产品GB/T 12467质量等级(类似ISO 3834-2,3,4),因此文件分级欠专业要求.焊接制造业升级必然是标准先行,焊接标准明确质量等级,焊接工程文件体系也将完善,从而为保障焊接工程的安全运行保驾护航.     

考虑人因可靠性的安全仪表功能SIL验证方法研究

油气站场一般设置有紧急停车系统（ESD）等存在操作员介入的非常规安全仪表功能（SIF）,为解决已有的安全完整性等级（SIL）评估方法不能针对此类SIF进行功能安全评价的情况。对存在操作员介入的非常规SIF进行研究,将其中的人为因素细分为观察、决策和执行3个阶段;根据各类人因可靠性分析方法优缺点,筛选CREAM和HCR方法分别分析紧急情景环境和应急响应时间对非常规SIF人因失效概率的影响,建立考虑人因可靠性的SIL验证模型;基于此模型选取某输油站典型SIF开展SIL评估,分析人因失效对SIF整体可靠性的影响水平,并提出改善措施。结果表明:将操作员应急响应过程中的人因失效概率引入传统的SIL验证模型中,可实现对非常规SIF的功能安全评价;人因失效对非常规SIF具有显著影响,筛选的人因可靠性模型可准确计算人因失效概率。     

基于双层规划的应急物资调配研究

为在突发性自然灾害发生后的黄金救援时间内,使各应急物资调配中心的物资在最短时间内高效地运往各受灾点,最大程度地平衡受灾程度不同的受灾点群众对应急物资救援的心理满意度,构建以应急物资救援时间最短为目标的上层模型;通过借鉴前景理论量化受灾群众的心理满意度,在考虑各受灾点对有限应急物资存在竞争关系的基础上,建立下层非合作博弈模型;设计遗传算法求解上层模型、改进粒子群算法求解下层模型的层次混合算法。结果表明:构建的多应急物资调配中心多受灾点的非线性整数双层规划模型,使应急物资的调配具有时效性,且更加客观地衡量各灾点物资调配的公平合理性,该模型为应急物资调配研究提供借鉴与参考。     

考虑岩土体剪胀特性的边坡稳定性分析*

为考虑岩土体剪胀特性对边坡稳定性的影响,基于非关联流动法则,利用等效内摩擦角的概念对原抗剪强度参数进行修正,以修正后的等效参数c*,φ*探讨剪胀角对岩土体强度的影响,结合传统强度折减法以及基于临界曲线的双系数折减法,求解基于修正后等效参数计算的边坡安全系数,并给出安全系数的取值方法。结果表明:采用等效参数来考虑剪胀角的影响是可行的;随剪胀角的增大安全系数增大,且增长速度变缓,剪胀角在0~25°范围内对安全系数的影响显著,在实际工程计算中需要考虑剪胀角对边坡稳定性的影响;基于临界曲线的双系数折减法可较为直观地体现出剪胀角的影响程度,在研究剪胀角对边坡稳定性的影响时可采用此方法进行分析。     

Assessing contamination of smoked sprats (Sprattus sprattus) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and changes in its level during storage in various types of packaging

The analysis of material used in this study demonstrated that the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked sprats varies from the level below the lowest detection limit in muscles up to 9.99 µg kg^?1 of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in fish skin. Such a high level of PAHs in skin was reported only in one of six batches of sprats, while mean BaP level was at 1.69 µg kg^?1. Regardless such a high BaP level in skin, its concentration in muscles did not exceed the maximum acceptable level. The study objective was to assess to what extent packaging materials adsorb PAH compounds from food. Changes in the PAH levels were monitored in fish during their storage in packages made of various materials. The storage time was from 0 to 168 hours. The obtained results varied considerably, therefore their scatter did not allow to confirm unequivocally the preliminary hypothesis about the reduction of PAHs due to their migration to packaging material. However, analysis of the packaging used in this study demonstrated a significant increase in the level of total 16 PAHs. When high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packaging was analysed, a six-fold increase in the total 16 PAHs was observed comparing to the blank sample.     

Impact of a proposed revision of the IESTI equation on the acute risk assessment conducted when setting maximum residue levels (MRLs) in the European Union (EU): A case study

ABSTRACT

Proposals to update the methodology for the international estimated short-term intake (IESTI) equations were made during an international workshop held in Geneva in 2015. Changes to several parameters of the current four IESTI equations (cases 1, 2a, 2b, and 3) were proposed. In this study, the overall impact of these proposed changes on estimates of short-term exposure was studied using the large portion data available in the European Food Safety Authority PRIMo model and the residue data submitted in the framework of the European Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Evaluation of consumer exposure using the current and proposed equations resulted in substantial differences in the exposure estimates; however, there were no significant changes regarding the number of accepted MRLs. For the different IESTI cases, the median ratio of the new versus the current equation is 1.1 for case 1, 1.4 for case 2a, 0.75 for case 2b, and 1 for case 3. The impact, expressed as a shift in the IESTI distribution profile, indicated that the 95th percentile IESTI shifted from 50% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) with the current equations to 65% of the ARfD with the proposed equations. This IESTI increase resulted in the loss of 1.2% of the MRLs (37 out of 3110) tested within this study. At the same time, the proposed equations would have allowed 0.4% of the MRLs (14 out of 3110) that were rejected with the current equations to be accepted. The commodity groups that were most impacted by these modifications are solanacea (e.g., potato, eggplant), lettuces, pulses (dry), leafy brassica (e.g., kale, Chinese cabbage), and pome fruits. The active substances that were most affected were fluazifop-p-butyl, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin.     

防灭火泡沫流体在采空区高位倾斜裂隙通道中的扩散研究

防灭火泡沫材料是1种新型的防灭火材料,对高位倾斜裂隙火灾的降温隔热、充填加固具有很好的应用性能。为了了解高位倾斜裂隙通道中泡沫流体的扩散规律,通过理论推导得出不同裂隙倾角和方位角下浆体2端面压力差随时间的变化方程式,以理论公式为基础进行修正,提出了泡沫流体的扩散规律函数式,并通过用其他实验测点进行误差对比分析。研究结果表明:误差均在允许的范围之内,证明拟合出的函数式具有普遍适用性,可以为大采空区隐蔽高温火源点的防治提供理论支持。     

基于多因素信息融合的城市供水安全评价系统

为了确定城市供水安全状态,提出1种基于多因素信息融合思想的城市供水安全评价方法。以城市供水安全指标体系为基础,建立供水安全指标与基本概率指派函数焦元的对应关系;采用组合权重确定各评价指标的权重值作为对指标证据的支持程度,通过加权合成方法得到各因素定量、定性信息的基本概率指派函数值,利用证据理论的Dempster组合规则进行因素融合。研究结果表明:以郑州市供水安全指标体系为例,在进行多指标信息融合时与解决证据冲突的融合方法计算结果相同,郑州市2006——2008年城市供水处于不安全状态,2008年以后安全等级逐步升高且趋于稳定状态,可以预测出在未来一段时间郑州市的供水处于安全状态。     

徐州市售蔬菜中多环芳烃污染与健康危害

为了分析徐州市蔬菜中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染及其对人群的健康危害,本研究于2016年5月在徐州大型农贸市场和超市采集了当地居民经常食用的7种蔬菜样品,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了蔬菜样品中的8种中低环PAHs。结果表明PAHs总含量为27.7~53.8 ng·g-1,其中2、3环分别占总PAHs的45.53%、45.65%。不同类型蔬菜中PAHs含量为:叶菜类>根菜类>果菜类。运用毒性当量法计算得到徐州市不同人群对PAHs的摄食暴露量为7.88~14.65 ng·d-1,引起的致癌风险在1.79×10-7~1.08×10-6范围内,处于低致癌风险水平,但是其健康影响仍不容忽视。