底质中硫化物样品预处理分析方法的改进

通过对底质中的硫化物预处理方法的改进 ,证明在盐酸或硫酸介质中气化 ,以 Na OH-EDTA为吸收液的预处理方法 ,具有准确度高、精密度好 ,测定周期短等优点。     

30CrMnSiA合金钢3种涂层体系耐蚀性研究

目的研究西沙海洋环境下30CrMnSiA合金钢三种(C1,C2,C3)涂层体系的耐腐蚀性能。方法在西沙海域环境开展30CrMnSiA合金钢三种涂层的自然暴晒实验,暴晒实验时间为3年,分别通过测试光泽度、色差、电化学阻抗值等手段检测腐蚀状况来研究腐蚀特点。结果三种涂层的光泽度和色差随着时间的增长逐渐减少,暴晒后三种涂层的光泽度和色差相差不大,但三种涂层检测的电化学阻抗值相差很大,且C1涂层阻抗值明显大于C2和C3涂层。结论 C1涂层体系相较于C2和C3两种涂层体系有更高的耐腐蚀性能。     

NCIVI及其在城市绿化航空遥感调查中的应用——以宁波市为例

植被信息提取是城市绿化遥感调查的关键内容之一,在分析城市彩红外航空摄影特点的基础上,研究了彩红外航空遥感图像植被信息的表现特征,提出了针对城市绿化航空遥感调查新的植被指数———非线性彩红外植被指数(NCIVI),并应用于宁波市城市绿化调查。研究结果表明,NCIVI对城市绿化提取效果明显优于NDVI,正确提取率可以提高3.5%。     

萃取色层-原子吸收法测定废水中痕量铅和镉

萃取色层-原子吸收法测定废水中痕量铅和镉采用吸附树脂GDX-301,粒度60～80目为支持体,以双硫腙0.2%四氯化碳溶液;甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)混合为萃取剂的萃取色层柱分离富集废水中痕量铅、镉,用0.5N盐酸20 ml分4～5次洗脱,流速为1 ml/min,洗脱液承接于25 ml容量瓶中,用去离子水定容后与标准系列同时在原子吸收分光光度计上分别进行铅、镉含量的测定.方法用于一般工业废水和生活饮用水中微铅、镉的测定.     

常温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器处理V_(B12)、淀粉混合废水的研究

常温(20～25℃)条件下,采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理维生素B_(12)、淀粉混合废水,当进水COD_(cr)浓度为8200～8900mg/L时,容积负荷可达到9.6kg/m~3d;COD_(cr)去除率为83.2％;产气率为0.436m~3/kgCOD_(cr)(去除)。     

Habitat mapping using machine learning-extended kernel-based reclassification of an Ikonos satellite image

The spatial resolution of satellite imagery suitable for earth resources studies has improved from 80 m (Landsat-MSS, launched in 1972) to 0.6 m (QuickBird, launched in 2001). The conventional pixel-based methods developed for medium resolution satellite images are not suitable for classification of very high spatial resolution images, because the spectral responses of particular habitat classes are much more variable. On the other hand, in the original Barnsley–Barr kernel-based reclassification algorithm not only the spectral information of a pixel but also the textural information in the vicinity of the pixel is used when the pixel labeling decision is made. The first step of the kernel reclassification algorithm is to perform an initial classification of the original image. In the second step, the adjacency-event matrices are computed for each pixel according to co-occurrence frequencies of the initial classes in the kernel window. The degree of matching between an adjacency-event matrix corresponding to specific pixel and the set of class-specific template matrices produced during training is the criterion for pixel re-labeling. We extend the original kernel-based reclassification algorithm with a decision tree-based reclassification, simultaneously taking into account the class-specific similarity images, which are a side-product of the original algorithm. The advantage of decision tree-extended approach over the original approach seems to be the ability of the former to consider more input information, thus increasing the Kappa classification accuracy for an Ikonos image of our study area from 0.56 to 0.60, using a nomenclature containing 10 habitat classes.     

An erosion-based land classification system for military installations

The universal soil loss equation (USLE) has been integrated with a geographic information system known as the geographical resources analysis support system (GRASS) to create a land classification system for use by military trainers and land managers to minimize the environmental impacts of military training activities. The USLE provides an estimate of current average annual sheet and rill erosion based upon factors representing climate, soil erodibility, topography, cover, and conservation support practices. The erosion estimate is compared to erosion tolerance values to produce an expression of the current erosion status. An index of inherent site erodibility is also achieved through manipulation of the USLE. Based on published soil surveys, satellite imagery, and ground-truth vegetation transects, data layers are created within GRASS for each of the component factors of the USLE. Appropriate mathematical operations are performed with the data layers, and color-coded maps are produced that represent the erosion status and erodibility index for each 50-m × 50-m area of soil surface. These maps aid military trainers and land managers in scheduling appropriate kinds and intensities of military training activities.     

Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies as Tools to Support Sustainable Management of Areas Devastated by Landslides

IKONOS panchromatic images from a single year were used to characterise the effects of an extreme rainstorm event on six mountain catchment areas in Venezuela. Image registrations were accomplished using topographic base maps at 1 : 5000 scale giving a mapping accuracy between 37 and 40 m. It was used an 8-bit channel for correction, rectification, filteration and tone enhancements.Landsliding was discerned in the affected watersheds using morphometric criteria, including the shape of the slope failure and its position, exposure bedrock in the scar and deposition of debris down-slope. This study is restricted to the impact analysis of the distribution of landslide erosion scars and the depositional processes on the valley floor. Remote sensing data were combined into a geographic information system (GIS) with planimetric data, contour lines, hydrology and vegetation types to evaluate the distribution of the scars and their effects on the highly populated areas located on the alluvial fans. Hillslope mass wasting induced mass movements, logging and increased the mud and silt in floodwaters affecting settlement down-slope.     

基于CALIPSO对中国春季一次沙尘暴的研究

文章利用CALIPSO卫星观测资料,结合气溶胶模式模拟,分析了2013年入春以来发生的第1次强沙尘天气过程中的沙尘气溶胶垂直分布特征及输送特性.结果表明:此次沙尘事件有两个源区,南疆盆地(源区一),沙尘先后输送影响我国内蒙古西南部、甘肃、宁夏等地区.2月27日沙尘在甘肃西部河西走廊附近,沙尘气溶胶分布在2~5 km,退偏振比在0.1~0.5之间,色比在0.4~0.8之间;28日新疆地区沙尘气溶胶分布在4~12 km,退偏振比在0.3~0.5,色比在0.5~1.0之间.蒙古国西南部地区(源区二),沙尘先后影响我国内蒙古中西部地区、甘肃、山西北部、陕西北部、河北北部和东北西南部地区,2月28日内蒙古沙尘气溶胶分布在4~11 km,退偏振比在0.2~0.5之间,色比在0.5~1.2之间.     

新常态下广西“十三五”环境保护形势研究

基于广西在新常态下的社会经济发展现状和"十二五"环境质量现状,对广西未来5年环境保护形势进行分析,研究表明:"十三五"期间,广西工业化、城镇化发展将进入高峰期和机遇期,环境保护地位得到提升,但经济稳增长难度大,产业结构调整短期难以根本改变,工业化城镇化发展带来巨大压力,基本保持且持续改善环境质量的压力加大,环境风险防范任务依然艰巨,公众对环境的述求高涨。