不确定背景环境下车道检测技术的研究

针对不确定背景的交通环境,提出一种新的车道检测算法。确定道路路面的色彩范围,提取车道标线的色彩信息,消除光照强度变化对车道标线信息提取过程的影响;通过对比车辆与车道标线在大小、形状和运动模式3方面的差异排除车道中车辆对车道线检测的干扰;单帧图像的车道检测结果存储于车道一致性确认模块中,运用车道标志线一致性确认提高车道检测结果的准确性。试验结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测各种天气条件下车道区域以及解决车道遮挡问题。     

催化动力学光度法测定工业废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）

采用β-环糊精作为H₂O₂氧化茜素红褪色反应的增敏剂,建立了催化动力学光度法测定工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的新方法。该方法最佳反应条件为：反应体系总体积25 mL,0.1 mol/L的H₂SO₄溶液加入量2.0 mL,1.0×10^-3 mol/L茜素红溶液加入量1.5 mL,30%的H₂O₂溶液加入量4.0 mL,100 g/L的β-环糊精溶液加入量3.0 mL。在最大吸收波长554 nm处测定反应前后溶液的吸光度,Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度与吸光度差值（ΔA）在4.0×10^-4~5.4×10^-2 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,线性回归方程为：ΔA=18.52ρ+ 0.018,相关系数为0.996 6,检出限为3.5×10^-4 mg/L,加标回收率为99.46%~101.3%,6次测定的相对标准偏差小于等于2.4%。该法的测定结果与GB/T 7467-1987中的二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法相近。     

Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies as Tools to Support Sustainable Management of Areas Devastated by Landslides

IKONOS panchromatic images from a single year were used to characterise the effects of an extreme rainstorm event on six mountain catchment areas in Venezuela. Image registrations were accomplished using topographic base maps at 1 : 5000 scale giving a mapping accuracy between 37 and 40 m. It was used an 8-bit channel for correction, rectification, filteration and tone enhancements.Landsliding was discerned in the affected watersheds using morphometric criteria, including the shape of the slope failure and its position, exposure bedrock in the scar and deposition of debris down-slope. This study is restricted to the impact analysis of the distribution of landslide erosion scars and the depositional processes on the valley floor. Remote sensing data were combined into a geographic information system (GIS) with planimetric data, contour lines, hydrology and vegetation types to evaluate the distribution of the scars and their effects on the highly populated areas located on the alluvial fans. Hillslope mass wasting induced mass movements, logging and increased the mud and silt in floodwaters affecting settlement down-slope.     

新常态下我国环境政策的需求和建议

文章以新常态下经济社会新特点、新方向为出发点,分析了经济增速放缓、结构转型等对资源环境的新影响以及环境管理的新需求,并从释放政策潜力、激活市场活力、提高创新能力3方面,提出了我国环境政策发展的新思路与建议。     

基于扩展分形特征的图像型火灾检测

针对火灾检测中存在的不稳定及误判率高的问题,提出一种基于扩展分形特征的图像型火灾检测算法。首先在图像的HSI颜色空间进行火焰疑似区域的分割,然后采用文中提出的扩展分形特征计算方法计算图像扩展分形特征,利用该特征对目标事物对比度和大小尺寸敏感的特性,对火焰区域进行再次分割,得到最后的火焰区域。实验结果表明,该算法运行效率较高、误报率较低,适用于多种场合的火灾检测。     

嘉陵江流域植被覆盖时空变化特征

归一化植被指数(Normal Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)能够反映植被的繁茂程度,可用来揭示环境的演化,并且能在全球变化研究中起到“指示器”的作用。目前利用NDVI研究植被变化多集中于陕西、甘肃、新疆等地区,对嘉陵江流域的植被变化趋势及其影响因素研究很少。利用线性相关分析方法分析GIMMS NDVI数据,借助于地理信息系统软件,分析嘉陵江流域植被覆盖的时空变化规律。研究结果如下：（1）嘉陵江流域在1982～2006年植被覆盖呈微弱上升趋势,与我国其它地区一致,但增长速率大小不一样;（2）嘉陵江流域植被覆盖明显优于黄土高原、西北地区,存在明显的空间差异,南部地区小于北部地区;（3）植被变化也存在空间差异,南部地区多呈增加趋势,而北部地区多呈减少趋势;（4）嘉陵江流域植被覆盖及其变化与气候变化和人类活动均有密切关系。基于分析,发现嘉陵江流域在人类活动和气候变化的双重影响下,环境向有利的方向发展。     

Comparative Analysis of Coat Color Morphs in a Polymorphic Population of the Northern Mole Vole

Long-term stationary observations (1985–2000) on a polymorphic population of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus Pall.) in Kurgan oblast were performed using the mark-recapture method. Original data were obtained on the abundance and structure of this population, which comprised individuals of three color morphs: black, brown, and intermediate (bicolor). Each morph proved to have its specific features with respect to abundance, age and sex composition, migration, birthrate, mortality, and life span. In general, this polymorphism contributes to population heterogeneity and the maintenance of population homeostasis.     

活性炭深床浮滤池以直接过滤方式运行处理低温低浊水研究

活性炭深床滤料浮滤池是一种新型的给水处理组合工艺,它的特点是:气浮过滤一体化;活性炭深床过滤;常规处理和深度处理一体化;运行方式灵活。以直接过滤方式运行处理密云低温低浊水,效果理想,对浊度、色度和嗅味的去除效果显著,对有机物具有一定的去除作用。     

Exploring relationships between microscopic kinetic parameters of tires under normal driving conditions,road characteristics and accident types

IntroductionFreeway accidents are a leading cause of death in China, which also triggers substantial economic loss and an emotional burden to society. However, the internal mechanism of how microscopic kinetic parameters of vehicles influenced by road characteristics determine the occurrence of different types of accidents has not been explicitly studied. This research aimed to explore the “link role” of tire microscopic kinetic parameters in road characteristic variables and traffic accidents to aid in facilitating the traffic design and management, and thus to prevent traffic accident. Method: A mountain freeway in Zhejiang Province, China was used as the research object and the data used in this paper were obtained through a real-time vehicle experiment. Multiple estimation models, including the standard ordered logit (SOL) model, fixed parameters logit (FPL) model, and random parameters logit (RPL) model were established. Results: The findings show that road characteristics will affect the longitudinal kinetic characteristics of the vehicle and, consequently, map the level of risk of rear-end accidents. Driving compensation effects were also identified in this paper (i.e., the drivers tend to be more cautious in complicated driving circumstances). Another finding relating to the mountain freeway is that different tunnel characteristics (e.g., tunnel entrance and tunnel exit) have different effects on different types of traffic accidents. Practical Applications: The framework proposed in this article can provide new insight for researchers to enlarge the research subjects of both explanatory and outcome variables in accident analysis. Future research could be implemented to consider more driving conditions.     

GIS支持的卫星图像土地利用现状分类和制图

应用卫星图像提取专题要素，综合利用多元地理信息，是克服多光谱数据在解像力和分辨率上所存在的局限性的有效途径。ＧＩＳ技术则提供多种处理功能将图像与地理信息复合，提高分类精度。分类图像数据与地形基础要素数据复合，通过彩色扫描绘图机直接绘制高质量的土地利用现状专题地图。