内蒙古沙尘气溶胶浓度及其输送特性——朱日和春季情形的个例研究

利用WPS宽范围粒径谱仪对朱日和春季0.01～10μm的沙尘气溶胶观测资料,以及20m梯度塔气象要素资料,对沙尘天气日和非沙尘天气日的气溶胶浓度、谱分布以及输送特性进行了个例研究.结果表明:沙尘气溶胶浓度有明显的日变化特征,不同粒径段粒子的变化特征有所不同;沙尘气溶胶浓度在沙尘天气和非沙尘天气存在较大差别,粒径越大,这种差别越明显;气象要素对沙尘气溶胶浓度的分布有较大的影响,风速、气温、相对湿度与不同粒径段粒子的相关性不同;沙尘暴过程对不同粒径段粒子的输送特性不同,不同粒径段对应的输送距离和输送量有较大差别.     

Assessment of indoor radiation level in the environs of the uranium deposit area of West Khasi Hills District,Meghalaya, India

An estimation of the indoor background radiation dose distribution was carried out in dwellings of eleven villages located within and around the uranium mineralization area of Kylleng-Pyndensohiong, Mawthabah in West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India. The ambient indoor gamma radiation level was monitored using Thermo Luminescence Dosimeters (TLDs) while the indoor radon and thoron concentration was measured using twin-cup dosimeters employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). Results obtained from the study reveals that the local inhabitants of villages located close to the mining site receive higher doses than those inhabitants of villages located at a much farther distance from the mining site. The average total annual effective dose was found to be varying from 1.2 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Langpa to 3.4 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Nongbah Jynrin. The data obtained will serve as a reference in documenting changes to environmental radioactivity if mining is to be carried out in the future.     

A/O膜生物反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水试验研究

对A/O膜生物反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水进行了研究,着重考察硝化液回流比和C/N对系统脱氮效能的影响.研究表明,当硝化液回流比为2、C/N为6时.系统对COD、氨氮、TN的平均去除率分别达96.17%、97.76%、76.29%;A/O膜生物反应器稳定运行期间,氨氮容积负荷去除量与进水氨氮容积负荷呈现良好的线性关系;当A/O膜生物反应器内MLSS稳定在9～13 g/L时,上清液COD较低,膜压差增长缓慢.     

COD浓度和进水流量比对一体化工艺脱氮除碳的影响

保持进水总流量不变,以一定流量比同时从缺氧区和厌氧区进水,探讨了不同进水流量比(R=Q_厌/Q_缺)和进水COD浓度对中心岛式一体化OCO工艺脱氮除碳的影响。研究结果表明,进水COD浓度和进水流量比Rs对COD的去除效果影响不大,出水COD浓度一直稳定在50 mg/L以下,去除率在92%以上;进水COD浓度和进水流量比Rs共同决定着系统TN的去除效果,进水COD浓度为100 mg/L、200 mg/L时,TN去除率随着进水流量比Rs的减小呈增加的趋势;当进水COD浓度为 300 mg/L时,TN去除率随着进水流量比Rs的减小呈先升高后降低的趋势,在进水流量比Rs为3∶1时TN去除率最高,达到87%。     

Nutrients and suspended solids in dry weather and storm flows from a tropical catchment with various proportions of rural and urban land use

The results of an investigation characterizing the nutrients and suspended solids contained in stormwater from Kranji Catchment in Singapore are reported in this paper. Stormwater samples were collected from 4 locations and analyzed for the following eleven analytes: TOC, DOC, TN, TDN, NH₄⁺, NO₂⁻ + NO₃⁻ (NO_x), TP, TDP, OP, SiO₂ and TSS. Stormwater was sampled from catchments with various proportions of rural and urban land use, including forested areas, grassed areas, agricultural and residential and commercial areas. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) of nutrients and TSS from sampling stations which have agricultural land use activities upstream were found to be higher. Comparison of site EMCs (SMCs) with published data showed that the SMCs of the nutrients and TSS are generally higher than SMCs reported for forested areas but lower than published SMCs for urban areas. Positive correlations (p < 5%) were found between loading and peak flow at locations most impacted by ubanisation or agricultural activities. Correlation between loading and rainfall variables was less distinct. EMC was found to correlate less with rainfall and flow variables compared to pollutant loading. Unlike loading, no consistent pattern exists linking EMC to any particular storm or flow variable in any of the catchments. Lastly, positive correlations were obtained between the particulate forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and TSS.     

城市绿地空气负离子浓度评价研究——以杭州西湖风景区为例

采用AIC1000型空气负离子浓度测试仪,对西湖综合保护工程实施范围内的不同绿地进行了空气负离子浓度测定,结果表明,不同绿地空气负离子浓度排序依次为：乔灌草型〉疏林草地型〉滨水绿地型〉硬质铺地型,且滨水绿地型样地与硬质铺地型差异较小。与此同时,西湖风景区的空气负离子浓度显著高于城市中心区。     

Adsorption of Reactive Dye on Chitin

The adsorption of reactive dye on chitin has been investigated with a view to obtain the design data for batch processing of effluents for dye adsorption. The effect of several factors governing the dye adsorption such as the adsorbent concentration, adsorbent size, temperature and pH have been elicited. Desorption of the dye at different temperatures and pH have also been investigated.     

温州红壤的酸沉降临界负荷研究

本文简要介绍了以碱总量守恒为基础建立的兼能描述钙质与非钙质土壤长期酸化过程的动态模型（ＬＴＳＡＭ）,并利用该模型讨论了温州红壤的酸沉降临界负荷。结果表明,以硫沉降即酸沉降的硫沉降非酸沉降两观点分别来确定红壤的临界负荷,其值依次为３．９１与１．８４ｇ·ｍ＾－２·ａ＾－１,后者仅是前者的４７％,差异显著应加以区别。     

用微宇宙法研究稀土元素在富营养化水体中的归趋

本文利用静态实验室水生微宇宙的方法研究了轻、中、重三类五种稀土混合物（La,Ce,Sm,Gd,Y）在富营养水体、底泥、浮萍、大型蚤、螺蛳和金鱼中的分布和富集。结果表明,稀土在水生微宇宙各组分中的分布和积累的趋势为轻稀土>中稀土>重稀土。稀土元素在水体中6h后基本趋于平衡,其大部分为底泥所吸附;不同生物对稀土的分布和富集存在着较大的差异,其趋势为浮萍>大型蚤>螺蛳>金鱼。     

泥石流运动饱和浓度和流量的实验研究

对泥石流饱和浓度的研究具有重要和普遍意义。目前泥石流饱和浓度的研究还不能解释泥石流运动的一些物理含义,也不能完全反映泥石流饱和和运动的浓度规律。本文通过对两种颗粒在水槽中运动的饱和浓度和流量的研究,给出了泥石流的饱和浓度计算公式。该公式有较好的物理含义,与有关的实验资料对比有较好的一致性。文中还给出了泥石流流量的计算公式,与野外资料对比,所给公式能覆盖这些野外资料数据。