宁南山区人工林草对土壤真菌群落的影响

以宁南山区天然草地（长芒草（Stipa bungeana Trin））为参照,选取2种典型人工恢复植被：人工草地（苜蓿（Medicago sativa））和人工林地（柠条（Caragana korshinskii Kom））的表层土壤（0-20cm）为研究对象,利用Miseq高通量测序技术分析土壤真菌的多样性、物种组成及其相对丰度变化特征,并采用冗余分析（RDA）的方法研究环境因子对不同植被土壤真菌群落的影响.结果表明：3种植被样地土壤样品共测得真菌27个门,44个纲,70个目,91个科.其中,优势菌门有子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）,丰度分别为71.8%和15.2%;优势菌纲主要有：粪壳菌纲（Sordariomycetes）、座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）、伞菌纲（Agaricomycetes）和盘菌纲（Pezizomycetes）;优势菌属有：赤霉菌属（Gibberella）、肾形虫属（Colpoda）、水球壳属（Hydropisphaera）、叶生壳属（Floricola）、管柄囊霉属（Funneliformis）和Marcelleina.土壤真菌丰富度和多样性在苜蓿地最大,柠条地最小.球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）在天然草地的丰度最高,为4.8%;子囊菌门丰度在苜蓿地里最大,达82.6%,在柠条地最低,为56.8%;担子菌门和分类不明确门（Unclassified）在柠条土壤中丰度最大,分别为：25.3%和7.9%,在苜蓿地中最低,分别为：7.1%和0.8%.盘菌纲在天然草地中的丰度最高,为17.8%,且显著高于柠条地.伞菌纲在（Agaricomycetes）柠条地中的丰度明显高于苜蓿地.Heatmap热图分析表明,尽管苜蓿地中土壤真菌群落与天然草地的相似度更高,但是天然草地中AM真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi）的相对丰度最大,种植苜蓿使土壤致病菌属的相对丰度增加,柠条地的肾形虫属相对丰度最高.人工林草对土壤真菌的群落组成和多样性有较明显的影响.土壤水分（SW）、有机碳（TOC）和全氮（TN）是影响宁南山区林草地土壤真菌群落的主要理化因子.     

植被混凝土在官地水电站的试验分析

本文主要对官地水电站高陡边坡植被混凝土前期绿化试验成果进行分析,以寻求在干湿季节明显、雨量集中、干旱季节漫长、温度高、蒸发量大等干热河谷气候特征条件下的最佳生境构筑方法,为官地水电站乃至雅砻江流域水电工程高陡边坡生态恢复提供技术依据。     

额济纳绿洲沙尘暴沉积的物质特征

考察了额济纳绿洲内广泛分布的沙丘,并采集了称之“额济纳剖面”的典型沙丘不同粒级的样本263个,进行了25个化学元素的分析以及11个¹⁴测定.结果表明,该沙丘是距今2500年以来多次沙尘暴堆积的沉积记录.褐黄色风成沙层类似我国内陆沙漠沙,该地沙漠风沙流的产物;黄土状亚沙土与黄河中游的沙黄土、现代沙尘堆积极其相似,且结合历史时期“雨土”资料,说明其是沙尘暴的叠加产物;含红柳枯枝落叶的沙层则是兼有前两者成分的混合堆积.     

Long‐Term Dynamics of a Fragmented Rainforest Mammal Assemblage

Abstract: Habitat fragmentation is a severe threat to tropical biotas, but its long‐term effects are poorly understood. We evaluated longer‐term changes in the abundance of larger (>1 kg) mammals in fragmented and intact rainforest and in riparian “corridors” in tropical Queensland, with data from 190 spotlighting surveys conducted in 1986–1987 and 2006–2007. In 1986–1987 when most fragments were already 20–50 years old, mammal assemblages differed markedly between fragmented and intact forest. Most vulnerable were lemuroid ringtail possums (Hemibelideus lemuroides), followed by Lumholtz's tree‐kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) and Herbert River ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus herbertensis). Further changes were evident 20 years later. Mammal species richness fell significantly in fragments, and the abundances of 4 species, coppery brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula johnstoni), green ringtail possums (Pseudochirops archeri), red‐legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica), and tree‐kangaroos, declined significantly. The most surprising finding was that the lemuroid ringtail, a strict rainforest specialist, apparently recolonized one fragment, despite a 99.98% decrease in abundance in fragments and corridors. A combination of factors, including long‐term fragmentation effects, shifts in the surrounding matrix vegetation, and recurring cyclone disturbances, appear to underlie these dynamic changes in mammal assemblages.     

Woodlot scale: A method for rapid assessment of woodlot values

A method is described for the rapid survey and determination of the ecological value of woodlots. The three dominant tree species in a stand are given a visual ranking that is converted to awoodlot index through the use of species adaptation values. The woodlot index is scaled by presettlement vegetation type to yield awoodlot scale. The ecologically most valuable woodlots in a region are identified by using the woodlot scale and data on woodlot area, human disturbance, and tree density. The woodlot index corresponds closely to results from conventional methods of woodlot surveys. This method should be valuable to land-use planners for environmental impact assessment and regional planning.     

Review of studies on environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in Australia

The paper provides a review of available information on the impact of recreation and tourism on environments, particularly on vegetation and soil, in Australia, with an emphasis on forests. Efforts have been made to compare the current research and development situation in Australia with some overseas countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. While many documents reveal that Australia has been experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use in its environments, only limited studies of environmental impacts of recreation and tourism have been published. Compared with other developed countries, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States, Australia lags behind in undertaking research in this area. The results of these limited studies and some observations indicate that the most common recreational and tourist activities (such as bush walking, camping, horse-riding) can, if not well managed, adversely affect the values of Australian natural and semi-natural resources. Overall, they can affect the vegetation and other recreational sites physically and biologically. Physical effects include track formation, soil loss and/or compaction and an increase in fire frequency. Littering and water pollution are also seen as impacts associated with bush walking and camping. Biological effects include causing damage to vegetation, increasing risk of myrtle wilt disease and the spread of the soil pathogen,Phytophthora cinnamomi, as well as assisting weed dispersal. Based on the information reviewed, the authors suggest the following areas as priorities for future research into the environmental impact of recreation and tourism in Australia: determine the type of natural features that attract recreation use; determine the quantitative relationship between the impact and the level of recreation and tourism use for different activities within major vegetation habitats; ascertain site carrying capacity or environment thresholds for major vegetation habitats and recreation activities; and determine the impacts of recreation and tourism for major regions and major vegetation habitats where there have been considerable nature-based recreation and tourism activities.1998 Academic Press     

森林植被在生态环境建设中的作用

本文对森林植被在生态环境建设中的作用进行了分折,指出森林植被建设是生态环境建设的重点,建议加快我因森林植被的建设与恢复,改善生态环境。     

四川彭州铜尾矿库植被特征分析与植物群落演替初探

本文分析了四川彭州铜矿尾矿库的植被特征、群落特征与演替。在该尾矿库上自然定居的高等植物共91种,隶属38科79属,以菊科（Compositae）和禾本科（Gramineae）植物为主。形成6种相对稳定的群落类型;在2003年弃耕后形成的地段分布有史蒿＋小飞蓬群落（Artemisia argyi＋Conyza conadensis Comm．）、艾蒿＋打破碗花花群落（Artemisia argyi＋Anemone hupehensis Comm．）、艾蒿群落（Artemisia argyi Comm．）和白车轴苹群落（Trifolium repens Comm．）;在经过30～40年自然演替的地段分布有芭茅＋羊耳菊群落（Miscanthus sinensis＋Inula cappa Comm．）和羊耳菊＋千里光＋密蒙花群落（Inula cappa＋Senecio scandens＋Buddleja officinalis Comm．）;在近十年内新形成的地段现主要覆盖地衣和葫芦藓（Funaria hygrometrica）。通过对群落结构和不同地段植被特征的对比,对本铜尾矿库的演替现状和规律进行了分析,井讨论了人为影响对演替进程的影响,提出了人工恢复措施的建议。     

乌鲁木齐市东南部荒山植被类型及其特征

采用典型样地法对乌鲁木齐市东部荒山植被进行了调查.依据中国植被和新疆植被分类的原则,遵循群落学-生态学原则,用重要值优势度分类方法确定各层片优势种.将此地区自然植被划分为5个植被型,8个植被亚型、20个群系和24个群丛.并对植被型的基本特征进行了分析和描述.     

彩色合成法在新疆地表植被覆盖变化中的应用--以多时相NOAA-AVHRR影像为例

以NOAA—AVHRR遥感数据为基础，使用彩色合成法对新疆地表植被变化进行分析。结果证明，利用不同时相的NDVI影像进行彩色合成可以直观地反映地表植被的变化趋势，通过遥感软件对彩色图像处理，还可以对地表植被变化进行定量分析。