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国内恶臭污染物优先控制的筛选研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从国内恶臭污染控制现状的实际情况出发,研究了优先控制恶臭污染物的筛选原则和筛选方法,建立了恶臭物质的定量评估指标体系,通过综合评分法对主要恶臭物质进行筛选和排序,在此基础上提出了30种优先控制恶臭污染物名单。 相似文献
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恶臭污染源环境影响评价要点问题探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对城市恶臭发生源的无组织与无组织排放方式及臭气成分复杂且大多属复合臭气成分的特点,重点对恶臭源的监测、组分分析方法以及源强综合评价等关键问题进行了研究和总结。 相似文献
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垃圾卫生填埋场微量气体的产生及环境影响 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
概述了垃圾卫生填埋场微量气体的研究进展。阐明了微量气体的来源、产生和组成,论述了垃圾卫生填埋场微量气体对生态环境所产生的某些不良影响及其对人类健康的危害和所造成的恶臭问题等,提出要重视我国在填埋场微量气体方面的研究。 相似文献
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加工高硫原油恶臭污染及其控制对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对加工高含硫原油炼厂恶臭污染现状的详细调查,在针对炼油生产的各个环节、各种工况所发生恶臭污染进行全面分析的基础上,提出了一系列相应的治理措施,并对各种处理效果作了评价。 相似文献
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Population differentiation in female sex pheromone and male preferences in a solitary bee 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nicolas J. Vereecken Jim Mant Florian P. Schiestl 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(5):811-821
Population differentiation in female mating signals and associated male preferences can drive reproductive isolation among
segregated populations. We tested this assumption by investigating intraspecific variation in female sex pheromone and associated
male odour preferences among distant populations in the solitary bee Colletes cunicularius (L.) by using quantitative gas chromatography and by performing field bioassays with synthetic blends of key sex pheromone
compounds. We found significant differences in sex pheromone blends among the bee populations, and the divergence in odour
blends correlated positively with geographic distance, suggesting that genetic divergence among distant populations can affect
sex pheromone chemistry. Our behavioural experiments, however, demonstrate that synthetic copies of allopatric female sex
pheromones were cross-attractive to patrolling males from distant populations, making reproductive isolation by non-recognition
of mating signals among populations unlikely. Our data also show that patrolling male bees from different populations preferred
odour types from allopatric populations at the two sites of bioassays. These male preferences are not expected to select for
changes in the female sex pheromone, but may influence the evolution of floral odour in sexually deceptive orchids of the
genus Ophrys that are pollinated by C. cunicularius males. 相似文献
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Males of the sac-winged bat, Saccopteryx bilineata, actively fill their propatagial sacs with secretions from the genital region, the gular gland, urine and saliva. From our
observations and those of Starck we deduce that propatagial sacs in S. bilineata do not have a glandular function, but are instead organs for the storage and display of odours. In addition to the already
known “salting” and hovering behaviour of male S. bilineata, we describe in detail how odour is fanned to roosting individuals during the complex, stereotypic hovering displays. S. bilineata males also coat the fur of their backs with saliva using the wing tip and might scent-mark territory boundaries. “Yawning”
may represent a visual as well as an olfactory cue. Odour seems to play an important role in the social communication of S. bilineata and in other emballonurids, as revealed by the broad distribution of wing sacs in this family. S. bilineata males display odour during energetically costly hovering flights in front of females. We demonstrate that the number of hovering
displays increases with harem size. The mating effort of S. bilineata males comprises a multimodal signalling behaviour. Although males defend harem territories in which females gather, females
seem to be able to choose the father of their progeny freely among the males of a colony. This may have led to the evolution
of the complex mating displays by male S. bilineata.
Received: 9 December 1998 / Received in revised form: 6 May 1999 / Accepted: 13 June 1999 相似文献
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Ashley J. W. Ward Robert I. Holbrook Jens Krause Paul J. B. Hart 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,57(6):575-583
The social organisation of animals relies on recognition. However, there are many means by which animals may recognise one another and a variety of cues are available to any individual at any one time. We tested the effects of cues based on direct experience and of cues based on habitat and diet on association decisions in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Our results show that sticklebacks rapidly acquire association preferences for novel con- and heterospecifics (nine-spined sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius) which had experienced the same habitat and diet conditioning as themselves over novel con- and heterospecifics which had experienced a different habitat and diet conditioning, a preference which may be based on self-referent matching. Association preferences were observed after only 24 h and were independent of the number of tank mates (treatments with 20 and 100 fish). Evidence for the influence of direct social experience on association preferences was weak and may be confounded by other factors.Communicated by K. Lindström 相似文献
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Unpleasant odours generated from waste management facilities represent an environmental and societal concern. This multi-year study documented odour and total reduced sulfur (TRS) abatement in four experimental landfill biocovers installed on the final cover of the Saint-Nicéphore landfill (Canada). Performance was evaluated based on the reduction in odour and TRS concentrations between the raw biogas collected from a dedicated well and the emitted gases at the surface. Odour analyses were carried out by the sensorial technique of olfactometry, whereas TRS analyses followed the pulse fluorescence technique. The large difference of 2–5 orders of magnitude between raw biogas (average odour concentration = 2,100,000 OU m?3) and emitted gases resulted in odour removal efficiencies of close to 100% for all observations. With respect to TRS concentrations, abatement efficiencies were all greater than 95%, with values averaging 21,000 ppb of eq. SO2 in the raw biogas. The influence of water infiltration on odour concentrations was documented and showed that lower odour values were obtained when the 48-h accumulated precipitation prior to sampling was higher. 相似文献