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361.
A new strategy of heavy crude oil removal from contaminated soils was studied. The hexane-acetone solvent mixture was used to investigate the ability of solvent extraction technique for cleaning up soils under various extraction conditions. The mixtures of hexane and acetone (25 vol%) were demonstrated to be the most effective in removing petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soils and approx 90% of saturates, naphthene aromatics, polar aromatics, and 60% of nC7-asphaltenes were removed. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that the equilibrium was reached in 5 min and the majority of the oil pollutants were removed within 0.5 min. The effect of the ratio between solvent and soil on the extraction efficiency was also studied and results showed that the efficiency would increase following the higher solvent soil ratio. Then the multistage continuous extraction was considered to enhance the removal efficiency of oil pollutants. Three stages crosscurrent and countercurrent solvent extraction with the solvent soil ratio 6:1 removed 97% oil contaminants from soil. Clearly the results showed that the mixed-solvent of hexane and acetone (25 vol%) with character of low-toxic, acceptable cost and high efficiency was promising in solvent extraction to remove heavy oil fractions as well as petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soils. 相似文献
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Assessment of the radiological impact of oil refining industry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W.F. Bakr 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(3):237-243
The field of radiation protection and corresponding national and international regulations has evolved to ensure safety in the use of radioactive materials. Oil and gas production processing operations have been known to cause naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) to accumulate at elevated concentrations as by-product waste streams. A comprehensive radiological study on the oil refining industry in Egypt was carried out to assess the radiological impact of this industry on the workers. Scales, sludge, water and crude oil samples were collected at each stage of the refining process. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined using high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The average activity concentrations of the determined isotopes are lower than the IAEA exempt activity levels for NORM isotopes. Different exposure scenarios were studied. The average annual effective dose for workers due to direct exposure to gamma radiation and dust inhalation found to be 0.6 μSv and 3.2 mSv, respectively. Based on the ALARA principle, the results indicate that special care must be taken during cleaning operations in order to reduce the personnel's exposure due to maintenance as well as to avoid contamination of the environment. 相似文献
364.
S. Castanedo J.A. Juanes R. Medina A. Puente F. Fernandez M. Olabarrieta C. Pombo 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):149-159
A methodology has been developed to carry out an integrated oil spill vulnerability index, V, for coastal environments. This index takes into account the main physical, biological and socio-economical characteristics by means of three intermediate indexes. Three different integration methods (worst-case, average and survey-based) along with ESI-based vulnerability scores, VESI, proposed for the Cantabrian coast during the Prestige oil spill, have been analyzed and compared in terms of agreement between the classifications obtained with each one for this coastal area. Results of this study indicate that the use of the worst-case index, VR, leads to a conservative ranking, with a very poor discrimination which is not helpful in coastal oil spill risk management. Due to the homogeneity of this coastal stretch, the rest of the methods, VI, VM and VESI, provide similar classifications. However, VM and VI give more flexibility allowing three indexes for each coastal segment and including socio-economic aspects. Finally, the VI procedure is proposed here as the more advisable as using this index promotes the public participation that is a key element in the implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (IZCM). 相似文献
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进行了混凝-电凝聚法处理大庆油田三次采油废水的实验研究,考察了极板材料、混凝剂加量、电流密度、pH值、转速、反应时间对COD去除率的影响,并对去除机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:COD去除率达到80%,达到国家回注标准。 相似文献
368.
HBY-3-100型自动油水分离器在乙烯加氢装置的应用,解决了原有隔油池收油不好,油气散发污染环境危害安全等隐串。经过1年多的运转证明效果良好,所收的油当年可回收人武部投资。环境效益、社会效益和经济和均起到较好的效果。 相似文献
369.
超滤技术在处理乳化油废水中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文中整理归纳了近年来超滤工艺乳化油废水的发展动态,并介绍了一些典型的应用技术,做了一定的评述。 相似文献
370.
含油废水粗粒化处理过程中除油率和油珠粒径分散度的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
除油率和油珠粒径分散度是检验石化含油废水处理效果的两个重要指标。通过测定废水粗粒化处理前后分光光度值和油珠粒径的分布,较为精确地计算出含油废水处理后出水的除油率和油珠粒径分散度。采用紫外分光光度法测定含油量,显徽镜计数法测定油珠粒径分布,方法简单可靠。 相似文献