无公害清洗剂的研制

研制了无公害清洗剂,该剂为弱碱性水基清洗剂,不含强酸,强碱,磷,铝等有害成分,能有效地清洗任何硬表面的油污,对人,畜基本无毒。     

Future prediction & estimation of faults occurrences in oil pipelines by using data clustering with time series forecasting

The world of oil pipelines is subjected to serious issues due to occurrences of toxic spills, explosions and deformations like particle deposition, corrosions and cracks due to the contact of oil particles with the pipeline surface. Hence, the structural integrity of these pipelines is of great interest due to the probable environmental, infrastructural and financial losses in case of structural failure. Based on the existing technology, it is difficult to analyze the risks at the initial stage, since traditional methods are only appropriate for static accident analyses. Nevertheless, most of these models have used corrosion features alone to assess the condition of pipelines. To sort out the above problem in the oil pipelines, fault identification and prediction methods based on K-means clustering and Time-series forecasting incorporated with linear regression algorithm using multiple pressure data are proposed in this paper. The real-time validation of the proposed technique is validated using a scaled-down experimental hardware lab setup resembling characteristics exhibited by onshore unburied pipeline in India. In the proposed work, crack and blockages are identified by taking pressure rise and pressure drop inferred from two cluster assignment. The obtained numerical results from K-means clustering unveils that maximum datasets accumulated range of multiple pressures are within 16.147–10.638 kg/cm², 14.922–12.1674 kg/cm², 2.7645–1.2063 kg/cm² correspondingly. Hence by this final cluster center data, inspection engineers able to estimate the normal and abnormal performance of oil transportation in a simple-robust manner. The developed forecast model successfully predicts future fault occurrences rate followed by dissimilarity rate from clustering results holds the validity of 91.9% when applied to the historical pressure datasets. The models are expected to help pipeline operators without complex computation processing to assess and predict the condition of existing oil pipelines and hence prioritize the planning of their inspection and rehabilitation.     

Study on the deflagration reaction process of oil gas in long-narrow confined space based on PLIF and flame spectra

Oil gas explosion in long-narrow confined space is a typical unsteady combustion process. To study the reaction process, two experiment techniques are adopted in this research. One is planner laser induced fluorescence, which is used to achieve the transient measurement of free radicals in unsteady premixed combustion field. The other one is the spectral testing technique, which is used to measure the luminescence spectrum characteristics of oil gas combustion flame. The distribution of OH radical and CH radical at different positions in the combustion field, the common partition of deflagration flame structure under different oil gas concentrations, and the main luminescence spectra of radicals such as OH, CH, C₂, C₃, CO₂, H₂O and HCO are obtained. By comparing the above three aspects, the combustion reaction process of premixed mixture is revealed, driven by the coupling effect of chemical reaction and fluid flow in the process of explosion propagation. The process can be described briefly as follows. In the “outer flame zone”, large hydrocarbon molecules are mainly transformed to small molecules and free radicals by means of pyrolysis, dehydrogenation and oxidation. In the “inner flame zone”, carbon particles and combustion products produced and gathered after relevant reactions.     

Effect of land use on potassium form of coastal plain sands of Nigeria

The study evaluated the effects of land use on the forms of potassium in the coastal plain sands (CPS) landscape of southeastern Nigeria. It was observed that both land use and topography did not influence the distribution of different forms of potassium. Mineral constituted approximately 97.4%, whereas non-exchangeable (1.9%) and readily available (0.7%) forms represented 2.6% of total potassium. The relationships established between reserve, exchangeable and soluble indicated the origin of readily available potassium. Mineral form of potassium associated directly with clay, electrical conductivity, organic matter, sodium and acidity, but indirectly with sand, pH and base saturation. Reserve and fixed potassium each associated with organic matter, whereas fixed form additionally associated with sand and clay. Clay increases the tendencies for the release of potassium, whereas sand acts on the contrary including leaching losses. The study confirmed that organic matter, particle size fractions, extent of weathering and soil development influence the dynamics of potassium within the landscape of CPS of southeastern Nigeria.     

Investigation of gas purging process in pipeline by numerical method

Gas purging processes in pipeline safety maintenance were studied using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. A new model (model 1) closer to actual working conditions and another two-side injection model were investigated. The simulation results showed that the relative purging efficiency of model 1 decreases compared to the ideal model (model 0), and two-sided injection model increases the efficiency relative to the single sided purging model. In addition, the models with different intake methods, outlet positions, outlet sizes and outlet pressures were simulated. If the outlet is opened after delaying some time, purging efficiency is improved. Furthermore if “relay purging” method is adopted, the efficiency is increased by 18% with two gas inlets and by 11% with a single inlet. The outlet position affects the average velocity in the last purging time. If the outlet diameter is equal or larger than that of the inlet, the purging efficiency is much higher.     

改性材料在石油污染水体中的应用

研究了溶液中硬脂酸改性磁铁矿的改性条件,确定了改性时间、温度、改性剂用量等。对改性磁铁矿进行了活化指数、吸油量、透水时间等的测定,并通过红外图谱及扫描电镜图谱的分析,探讨了改性及吸附机理。     

焦化蜡油精制废水处理技术研究

用化学絮凝法和SBR法对焦化蜡油精制废水进行处理。结果表明，聚合氯化铝为最佳絮凝剂，最佳加入量为80mg／L，CODCr去除率为85．5％；用SBR法处理废水，CODCr由540mg／L降到112mg／L。经驯化过的污泥中，假单胞杆菌属为优势菌群。     

炼油污水中油的性状与除油效率关系探讨

通过对炼油污水的油性剖析和主要除油设施的净化效率评价，探讨了除油效率与油特性的关系，对现有除油设施存在的问题进行了分析，并提出对策建议。     

油母页岩干馏煤气脱硫工艺的选择

针对页岩炼油厂生产工艺和二氧化硫的产生量，提出了煤气干法和湿法脱硫工艺，并对这两种工艺在原理和适用性方面进行了对比，认为湿法脱硫更适合于该厂的实际情况，经对湿法脱硫的投资费用进行的估算结果显示，该厂采用湿法脱硫技术将会带来明显的环境效益和社会效益。     

清洁生产审核在石油开采行业的应用

通过对石油开采业生产工艺的调查，针对石油开采过程中电耗、能耗、物耗各种指标偏高的问题，采油过程中产生的大量污染物，大量的资源没有循环利用，开展清洁生产审核提出解决问题的技术措施，实现了节能、降耗、减污、增效的目的。