高海拔排土场边坡安全稳定性SBAS-InSAR监测

为解决高海拔排土场边坡安全稳定性监测中常规监测仪器布置和人员值守的高投入、高风险问题,分析西藏山南桑日县某排土场边坡25景Sentinel-1A数据,利用短基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术监测终了排土场边坡从2018年11月4日-2020年12月23日期间的地表形变,采用基线估计状态空间模型、自适...     

露天矿山排土场滑坡灾害预警技术

在现场调研与文献分析的基础上,提出了排土场滑坡灾害预警指标体系。基于物元理论和关联函数,构建了露天矿山排土场滑坡灾害可拓预警模型。采用基于测度改进的层次分析法客观地确定评价指标权重,较好地消除了人为因素带来的偏差;以综合关联度作为评价准则进行滑坡危险性等级判定,进而对排土场滑坡灾害进行预警。利用该模型对某铁矿排土场的滑坡危险性进行预警评价,得到了与实际情况吻合的警情,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的改进措施     

尾矿库上覆排土场工程危险源辨识及安全评估技术研究

随着我国对尾砂及尾矿库场地综合利用的更高要求,尾矿库上覆排土场工程的数量不断增多。尾矿库上覆排土场工程是金属非金属矿山高危、典型并涵盖许多关键安全科学问题的特殊工程。提出了“尾矿库上覆排土场工程”的定义,总结了尾矿库上覆排土场工程的结构特点,具备隐蔽工程复杂、尾矿库固结程度难以判断、排土场变形趋势复杂等特点,提出了尾矿库上覆排土场工程危险有害因素的辨识方法;研究了工程中尾矿库固结程度、排土场结构的探测技术和方法,利用图像处理技术分析了尾矿库上修建排土场工程的隐蔽工程质量。基于上述分析结果,提出了尾矿库上覆排土场工程的灾害防治措施。上述成果可为今后在闭库尾矿库上修建排土场的安全鉴定提供重要依据。     

软弱基底排土场变形破坏治理措施研究

针对软弱基底露天矿排土场普遍存在的变形破坏问题,结合胜利东二露天矿南排土场南帮边坡的工程实际,基于极限平衡理论,给出了通过探槽及滑坡变形反分析综合确定基底赋存条件及抗剪强度指标的方法;提出了对软弱基底排土场的变形治理措施;根据已有监测数据,对南帮边坡治理效果进行了评价。结果表明:在实施削坡减载措施后,各地表监测点的累计位移趋于平缓,边坡治理措施效果明显,解决了胜利东二露天矿迫切的安全问题,为同样具有软弱基底的其他露天矿排土场变形及破坏治理提供了指导。     

JAVA的数据库互联技术及实现

本文简要介绍了JAVA数据库互联(JDBC)技术,以一个实例程序讲解JDBC技术实现和 相关配置的操作步骤。     

黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究

本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析，应用景观生态学原理，规划建设了以观赏为主的果园观生态建设。通过对所载植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究，筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、１２３苹果、山桃等果树品种，以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰和先辈乔灌木品种，完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作，为矿区大面积土地复垦提供了依据。     

Assessment of yield losses in tropical wheat using open top chambers

The present study deals with the evaluation of effects of ambient gaseous air pollution on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. HUW-234) growing in a suburban area situated in eastern Gangetic plain of India, using open top chambers. Eight hourly air monitoring was conducted for ambient concentrations of SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ in filtered chambers (FCs), non-filtered chambers (NFCs) and open plots (OPs). Various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed during different developmental stages and finally yield parameters were quantified at the time of harvest.Mean concentrations of SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ were 8.4, 39.9 and 40.1 ppb, respectively during the experiment in NFCs. Concentrations of SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ reduced by 74.6%, 84.7% and 90.4%, respectively in FCs as compared to NFCs. Plants grown in FCs showed higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm ratio as compared to the plants in NFCs and OPs. Lipid peroxidation, proline, total phenol and ascorbic acid contents and peroxidase activity were higher in plants grown in NFCs. There were improvements in morphological parameters of plants growing in FCs as compared to those in NFCs and OPs. Yield of plants also increased significantly in FCs as compared to those ventilated with ambient air (NFCs) or grown in OPs. During the vegetative phase, NO₂ concentrations were higher than O₃, but O₃ became dominant pollutant during the time of grain setting and filling. The study concludes that O₃ and NO₂ are the main air pollutants in the sub-urban areas causing significant yield reductions in tropical wheat plants.     

Origins of black carbon from anthropogenic emissions and open biomass burning transported to Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Black carbon (BC) has importance regarding aerosol composition, radiative balance, and human exposure. This study adopted a backward-trajectory approach to quantify the origins of BC from anthropogenic emissions ($\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{An}}$) and open biomass burning ($\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{BB}}$) transported to Xishuangbanna in 2017. Haze months, between haze and clean months, and clean months in Xishuangbanna were defined according to daily PM_2.5 concentrations of >75, 35–75, and <35 µg/m³, respectively. Results showed that the transport efficiency density (TED) of BC transported to Xishuangbanna was controlled by the prevailing winds in different seasons. The yearly contributions to the effective emission intensity of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{An}}$ and $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{BB}}$ transported to Xishuangbanna were 52% and 48%, respectively. However, when haze occurred in Xishuangbanna, the average $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{An}}$ and $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{BB}}$ contributions were 23% and 77%, respectively. This suggests that open biomass burning (BB) becomes the dominant source in haze months. Myanmar, India, and Laos were the dominant source regions of BC transported to Xishuangbanna during haze months, accounting for 59%, 18%, and 13% of the total, respectively. Furthermore, India was identified as the most important source regions of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{An}}$ transported to Xishuangbanna in haze months, accounting for 14%. The two countries making the greatest contributions to $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{BB}}$ transported to Xishuangbanna were Myanmar and Laos in haze months, accounting for 55% and 13%, respectively. BC emissions from Xishuangbanna had minimal effects on the results of the present study. It is suggested that open BB in Myanmar and Laos, and anthropogenic emissions in India were responsible for poor air quality in Xishuangbanna.     

植被重建下煤矿排土场土壤熟化过程中碳储量变化

植被重建是治理因露天煤矿的开采而形成的大面积排土场行之有效的措施,了解植被重建模式对排土场土壤有机碳(SOC)储量的影响是筛选植被治理措施的重要因子.在内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天煤矿,选取15 a治理排土场中5种植被重建模式(自然恢复地、草地、灌木林、乔灌混交林、乔木林),16种植被配置类型,采集土壤剖面(0~100 cm)样品408个,研究不同重建模式下SOC储量的变化.结果表明:1治理排土场植被重建模式显著影响剖面SOC含量与分布(P<0.05),表层0~10 cm SOC呈草地>灌木>乔木>乔灌混交林>自然恢复地;全氮(TN)也呈相似的变化特征.2植被配置类型中,苜蓿地0~10 cm的SOC含量(5.71 g·kg-1)和TN含量(0.49 g·kg-1)均最高,比自然恢复地分别高166.7%和171.3%,且是沙棘、紫穗槐+油松、香花槐的两倍左右.3植被重建对SOC影响深度主要集中在0~20 cm,而对TN的影响可达40 cm.4与新建排土场相比,植被重建后,草地、灌木地和乔木地0~100 cm碳储量分别增加了15.47、6.93和6.95 t·hm-2,但仅相当于原地貌水平的2/3、1/2和1/2.植被重建表现出碳汇效应和巨大的固碳能力.从土壤固碳的角度考虑,建议植被重建模式以草地为主,植被类型优先考虑苜蓿.     

西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区变化监测

以第一次全国地理国情普查与基础性地理国情监测数据为数据源,开展西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区内2015、2016、2017、2018年自然保护区建设与管理情况监测,分别从人工地物、林草资源、露天采掘场等方面进行统计,分析人类活动对自然保护区内的生态系统胁迫以及区内生态恢复情况等。