简易垃圾填埋场存在问题及治理技术探讨

分析了大冶有色金属公司简易垃圾场存在垃圾堆体不稳、二次污染的问题,探讨了控制污染源、防止二次污染及堆体倒塌的治理技术。     

Pollution extents of organic substances from a coal gangue dump of Jiulong Coal Mine,China

This paper addresses the distribution and occurrence of harmful organic substances in coal gangue dump from Jiulong Coal Mine and its influence on the environment. The samples were taken from the coal gangue dump and coal waste water stream and analyzed by organic geochemical methods. The results indicate that the coal gangues contain abundant harmful organic substances like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The TOC and sulfur contents of the samples are much higher than those of the background sample except Sample JL7. The contents of organic bulk parameters are relatively high. Ten carcinogenic PAHs were identified and these harmful organic substances have influenced the surrounding area. Along the waste water stream, organic substances pollute at least 1,800 m far from the coal gangue dump.     

高海拔高寒地区金属矿山采选固废安全处置现状及研究进展

针对高海拔寒区金属矿山采选固废处置成本高、有效处置率偏低、安全隐患多等问题,采用室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟及现场实践相结合的方法,开展高海拔寒区排土场散体物料物理力学性质、排土场稳定性、充填料浆输送、充填体固结性能、充填体改性增强等方面的研究,构建冻融循环条件下散体物料内部微观结构信息与宏观力学参数定量关系模型,揭示冻融循环下排土场致灾机理和低温低气压环境下胶结充填料浆固结演化特性,提出冻融循环下排土场堆置工艺和低温低气压环境下胶结充填料浆固结增强技术。相关成果对于提高我国高海拔高寒地区金属矿山采选固废的有效处置率,降低固废处置成本,保障矿山可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。     

西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区变化监测

以第一次全国地理国情普查与基础性地理国情监测数据为数据源,开展西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区内2015、2016、2017、2018年自然保护区建设与管理情况监测,分别从人工地物、林草资源、露天采掘场等方面进行统计,分析人类活动对自然保护区内的生态系统胁迫以及区内生态恢复情况等。     

海南昌江石碌钴铜矿尾矿库重金属污染环境现状调查

为了解海南省昌江县石碌镇钴铜矿尾矿库环境特点,分别采集了矿砂、背景土壤、废水、纳污水体和植物进行分析。结果表明,钴铜矿尾矿库的土壤受As和Cu污染严重,周边土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染;废水经过尾矿库沉淀处理后,SS、As、Cu、Co、Fe等监测指标均有所降低,尾矿库起到沉淀吸附处理作用;纳污河流石碌河水质良好;尾矿库内自然生长的菖蒲和水竹均受到重金属不同程度污染,尾矿库内的甘蔗中Cr、Pb含量均超过食品中污染物限量标准,表明尾矿库内不宜种植可食用作物。     

碱渣堆场废弃地的生态恢复与景观重建途径探索

利用天津市塘沽区三号路碱渣堆场废弃地改造和生态恢复为紫云公园的生态恢复工程实践,对科学治理碱渣堆场废弃地的生态恢复进行了研究. 采用生态恢复工程的方法,针对碱渣复杂的化学成分和特殊的物理性质,通过制造碱渣工程土填垫低洼地,在堆造山体过程中采取工程措施确保山体的稳定,采取覆盖一定厚度外源种植土的方式以适合植物生长,最后种植以乡土先锋植物为主的人工植被,对天津塘沽碱渣堆场废弃地进行了生态恢复. 实现了治理碱渣堆场的目标,并解决了易软化碱渣土堆造山体的工程难题.      

平庄煤矿排土场植被恢复与重建研究

本文在认真分析、总结国内外露天煤矿土地复垦理论和工程实践的基础上,应用了土壤学、微生物学、采矿学、农林学、环境工程学等多门学科的理论,研究分析了排土场的土壤理化性质及林木生长的适应性。在此基础上确立了排土场植被特征和植被恢复措施。排土场以保护为主。并通过比较不同生境、不同植被配置模式对主要复垦植被的影响,以及主要复垦植被之间的相互影响,提出平庄矿区露天煤矿人工植被的模式。     

Quantification of methane emissions from full-scale open windrow composting of biowaste using an inverse dispersion technique

An inverse dispersion technique in conjunction with Open-Path Tunable-Diode-Laser-Spectroscopy (OP-TDLS) and meteorological measurements was applied to characterise methane (CH₄) emissions from an Austrian open-windrow composting plant treating source-separated biowaste. Within the measurement campaigns from July to September 2012 different operating conditions (e.g. before, during and after turning and/or sieving events) were considered to reflect the plant-specific process efficiency. In addition, the tracer technique using acetylene (C₂H₂) was applied during the measurement campaigns as a comparison to the dispersion model. Plant-specific methane emissions varied between 1.7 and 14.3 g CH₄/m³d (1.3–10.7 kg CH₄/h) under real-life management assuming a rotting volume of 18,000 m³. In addition, emission measurements indicated that the turning frequency of the open windrows appears to be a crucial factor controlling CH₄ emissions when composting biowaste. The lowest CH₄ emission was measured at a passive state of the windrows without any turning event (“standstill” and “sieving of matured compost”). Not surprisingly, higher CH₄ emissions occurred during turning events, which can be mainly attributed to the instant release of trapped CH₄. Besides the operation mode, the meteorological conditions (e.g. wind speed, atmospheric stability) may be further factors that likely affect the release of CH₄ emissions at an open windrow system. However, the maximum daily CH₄ emissions of 1 m³ rotting material of the composting plant are only 0.7–6.5% of the potential daily methane emissions released from 1 m³ of mechanically–biologically treated (MBT) waste being landfilled according to the required limit values given in the Austrian landfill ordinance.     

Open workshops as sites of innovative socio-economic practices: approaching urban post-growth by assemblage theory

ABSTRACT

Current debates on knowledge-based and creative locational development have come to deal with small urban places of novelty that formerly remained unnoticed. A plethora of new forms of producing and working recently emerged in unplanned and uncoordinated ways, bearing odd names such as FabLabs, Open Worklabs, RealLabs, Open Design Cities, Techshops, Repair Cafés, and more (Smith, A., M. Fressoli, D. Abrol, E. Arond, and A. Ely. 2017. Grassroots Innovation Movements. London: Routledge). Political initiatives have been taken by surprise; at the same time, standard epistemic tools of the social sciences and economics have been rendered unfit. More concise analytical reconstructions are needed to adequately capture the variety and complexity of these “labs”, their heterogeneous causation, their contingent proceedings, their surplus of latency, their peculiar power relations and their local embeddings. Urban social contexts have a strong triggering function as they help to re-configure older, and create new, combinations of heterogeneous social and economic agency. Meanwhile strong elements of grassroots innovation (Smith et al. 2017) have informed the formation of various models of alternative work and production. Taking the phenotype of open workshops as a revealing example, we take assemblage theory to describe the constitutive features of these new types of self-organised work, and the associated places of innovation. A fresh gaze on the complexity and open-endedness of socio-material formations may help to better understand the nature of emerging post-growth economies.     

Ecodynamics: Towards an evolutionary thermodynamics of ecosystems

This paper collects, with few minor formal changes, two of the latest scientific contributions ( [Tiezzi, 2006a] and [Tiezzi et al., 2010]) written by Prof. Enzo Tiezzi, where he introduced new concepts and tools to formalize and understand the role of thermodynamics in ecosystems theory.Particular attention is devoted to goal functions, to the relation of matter, energy, space and time and to the interdisciplinary approach connecting thermodynamics and biology. Entropy is discussed as a fundamental goal function in the far from equilibrium framework. The relationship between entropy, as a non-state function, and the state-function energy is stressed and discussed, at the light of the role of information. The theory of probability is also discussed in the light of new theoretical findings related to the role of events, also in terms of entropy and evolutionary thermodynamics.Confined Ontic Open Systems (COOS) represent the latest model proposed by Prof. Tiezzi based on his Ecodynamic theory, evolutionary thermodynamics, Ulanowicz's ontic. The model has a wide range of applications, including ecosystems, ecological economics, urban organization, the supra-molecular structure of water and global biosphere's models. The model is explained in terms of evolutionary thermodynamics and Jørgensen's ecosystems theory.